EPD-IES-0035162:001

Balcony Railing Integral

The Integral railing is a slim and elegant option with a refined appearance reminiscent of traditional wrought-iron railings, while offering all the benefits of aluminium. The integrated posts are aligned with the balusters, creating a clean and sophisticated design with minimal projection from the balcony slab.

General information

EPD OwnerAlnova Balkongsystem AB
Registration numberEPD-IES-0035162:001
EPD typeEPD of a single product from a manufacturer/service provider
StatusValid
Version date2026-10-02
Validity date2031-10-02
Standards conformanceISO 14025:2006, EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021
Geographical scopeEurope
An EPD may be updated or depublished if conditions change. This is the latest version of the EPD.

Programme information

ProgrammeInternational EPD System
AddressEPD International AB Box 210 60 SE-100 31 Stockholm Sweden
Websitewww.environdec.com
E-mailsupport@environdec.com

Product category rules

CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the Core Product Category Rules (PCR)
Product Category Rules (PCR)2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) (version 2.0.1) 2.0.1
PCR review was conducted byThe Technical Committee of the International EPD System. See www.environdec.com for a list of members. Review chair: Rob Rouwette (chair), Noa Meron (co-chair). The review panel may be contacted via the Secretariat www.environdec.com/support.

Verification

Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006, via
Tool name and versionAlnova Balkongsystem - Tyréns EPD-generator, version 3.1.0
Third-party verifier, accountable for the tool and EPD verificationMarcus Wendin, Milögiraff
Approved byThe International EPD® System
Procedure for follow-up of data during EPD validity involves third party verifier
*EPD Process Certification involves an accredited certification body certifying and periodically auditing the EPD process and conducting external and independent verification of EPDs that are regularly published. More information can be found in the General Programme Instructions on www.environdec.com.

Ownership and limitation on use of EPD

Limitations

EPDs within the same product category but published in different EPD programmes, may not be comparable. For two EPDs to be comparable, they shall be based on the same PCR (including the same first-digit version number) or be based on fully aligned PCRs or versions of PCRs; cover products with identical functions, technical performances and use (e.g. identical declared/functional units); have identical scope in terms of included life-cycle stages (unless the excluded life-cycle stage is demonstrated to be insignificant); apply identical impact assessment methods (including the same version of characterisation factors); and be valid at the time of comparison.

Ownership

The EPD Owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD.

Information about EPD Owner

EPD OwnerAlnova Balkongsystem AB
Contact person nameJohn Andersson
Contact person e-mailjohn.andersson@alnova.se
Organisation addressOrrekulla Industrigata 61 42536 Hisings Kärra Sweden
LCA PractitionerMoa Mellberg, moa.mellberg@tyrens.se

Description of the organisation of the EPD Owner

Alnova Balkongsystem AB started their business in 1979 as a two person team, handling everything from hand drawn railing plans to production and mounting. Today Alnova has evolved into a 60 person strong, highly digitalized company with a top-of-the-line machine park in production. The team at Alnova consists of sales, project management, CAD-engineering, purchases, production personnel and assemblers. Offices and production facilities are situated in the same building, which opens for a close collaboration throughout the organization. Alnova Balkongsystem AB offers a wide range of standard products from aluminium and glass railings to full balcony glazing. Their long experience in balconies and railings makes them capable of delivering their products in simple as well as challenging conditions. Their balcony systems offer a wide arrange of selections in both design and execution. Alnova Balkongsystem AB is a part of Fasadgruppen Group AB since 2022. Product-related or management system-related certifications: Alnova Balkongsystem AB is certified according to ISO 9001 for quality management systems and ISO 14001 for environmental management systems. Their aluminium railings and roofs are certified according to EN 1090.

Organisation logo

Product information

Product nameBalcony Railing Integral
Product identificationBalcony Railing Integral
Product descriptionThe Integral railing is a slim and elegant option with a refined appearance reminiscent of traditional wrought-iron railings, while offering all the benefits of aluminium. The integrated posts are aligned with the balusters, creating a clean and sophisticated design with minimal projection from the balcony slab.
Technical purpose of productRailings and glass on balconies are functional building components, not just aesthetic features. Their technical purpose is defined mainly by safety, structural performance, and environmental control, all governed by building regulations.
Manufacturing or service provision description Production process consists of: Rail production: Aluminium profiles are cut and bent to the desired specifications for each project. Screws and bolts are used to assemble the rail-frames, and powder coating is applied. Covering: Glass panes and HPL-boards arrives cut to specification and are mounted on the railings. Plastic sealants and/or screws are used to fix the covering in place. Assembly on site: The railing is sent to the construction site on pallets, wrapped in plastic for protection and secured by pallet supports. Final montage is made on site.
Material propertiesLinear mass density: 8.402 kg/m
Linear mass density:
8.402 kg/m
Manufacturing siteAlnova Balkongsystem AB Alnova Balkongsystem Orrekulla Industrigata 61 42536 Hisings Kärra Sweden
UN CPC code421. Structural metal products and parts thereof
Geographical scopeEurope

Product images

Content declaration

Hazardous and toxic substancesThe product does not contain any substances from the SVHC candidate list in concentrations exceeding 0.1% of its weight.
Product content
Content nameMass, kgPost-consumer recycled material, mass-% of productBiogenic material, mass-% of productBiogenic material1, kg C/declared unit
Aluminium8.07000
Plastic0.003000
Coating0.231000
Steel0.098000
Total8.402000
Note 11 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2
Packaging materials
Material nameMass, kgMass-% (versus the product)Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit
Steel1.15813.7820
Wood1.56318.6030.781
Plastic0.5256.2490
Total3.24638.6340.781
Note 11 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2

LCA information

EPD based on declared or functional unitDeclared unit
Declared unit and reference flowBalcony Railing Integral Length: 1 m
Conversion factor to mass8.4
Are infrastructure or capital goods included in any upstream, core or downstream processes?
Do infrastructure and capital goods contribute more than 10% to the A1-A3 (A1-A5 for services) results of any environmental impact indicator declared in the EPD?
Datasources used for this EPDecoinvent database (general) ecoinvent 3.10 database
LCA SoftwareSimaPro 10.3
Additional information about the underlying LCA-based information
This EPD is generated by Tyréns EPD-generator 4.0.0 – Alnova Balkongsystem. The tool is verified Marcus Wendin, Miljögiraff AB. Cut-off: All underlying processes modeled follow the ISO standard and are called “cut-off” in Ecoinvent. The basis for allocation according to cut-off is that the first primary product always bears the environmental burden for its entire production. No know flows have been excluded based on cut‑off criteria; all relevant material and energy flows have been considered in accordance with EN 15804. Allocation: Manufacturing processes are allocated to the products using mass allocation.
Version of the EN 15804 reference packageEF Reference Package 3.1
Characterisation methodsEF 3.1
Technology description including background systemThe raw materials in A1 depends on the product, primary raw materials consist of Aluminium, glass, silicone, screws, rockwool panels and some plastic details. The transport distance in A2 is fixed and the transport mode is truck. In A3 the product is assembled, the process differs depending on the product but the main processes are: Rail production, Covering with glass and final Assembly on site.
Scrap (recycled material) inputs contribution levelLess than 10% of the GWP-GHG results in modules A1-A3 come from scrap inputs

Data quality assessment

Description of data quality assessment and reference yearsThe data quality of the background data is considered good. The assessment considers all available data from the production process, including all raw materials and auxiliary materials used as well as the energy consumption in relation to available Ecoinvent datasets and EPD’s. Reference year is 2023.
Data quality assessment
Process nameSource typeSourceReference yearData categoryShare of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3
Manufacturing of product, inclusive generation of electricity used in manufacturing of productCollected data and DatabaseCollecEPD owner & Ecoinvent v 3.102023Primary data15%
Transport of materials & packaging to manufacturing siteCollected data and DatabaseCollecEPD owner & Ecoinvent v 3.102023Primary data0%
Production of ingoing materials and packagingEPD and DatabaseEPDs (Confidential) & Databases Ecoinvent v3.10<5 years oldPrimary data, secondary data42%
Total share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A357%
The share of primary data is calculated based on GWP-GHG results. It is a simplified indicator for data quality that supports the use of more primary data to increase the representativeness of and comparability between EPDs. Note that the indicator does not capture all relevant aspects of data quality and is not comparable across product categories.
Electricity data
Electricity used in the manufacturing process in A3 (A5 for services)
Type of electricity mixSpecific electricity mix as generated, or purchased from an electricity supplier, demonstrated by a contractual instrument
Energy sourcesHydro100%
Wind0%
Solar0%
Biomass0%
Geothermal0%
Waste0%
Nuclear0%
Natural gas0%
Coal0%
Oil0%
Peat0%
Other0%
GWP-GHG intensity (kg CO2 eq./kWh)0.05 kg CO2 eq./kWh

System boundary

Description of the system boundarya) Cradle to gate with modules C1-C4 and module D (A1-A3 + C + D).
Excluded modulesYes, there is an excluded module, or there are excluded modules
Justification for the omission of modulesAccording to the PCR 2019:14 Construction product module A1-A3, C1-C4 and D are mandatory. All others modules is optional. B1-B7 is excluded.

Declared modules

Product stageConstruction process stageUse stageEnd of life stageBeyond product life cycle
Raw material supplyTransportManufacturingTransport to siteConstruction installationUseMaintenanceRepairReplacementRefurbishmentOperational energy useOperational water useDe-construction demolitionTransportWaste processingDisposalReuse-Recovery-Recycling-potential
ModuleA1A2A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Modules declaredXXXNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDXXXXX
GeographyEuropeEuropeSwedenEuropeEuropeEuropeEuropeEuropeEuropeEuropeEuropeEuropeSwedenSwedenSwedenSwedenSweden
Share of specific data57%--------------
Variation - products0%--------------
Variation - sites0%--------------
DisclaimerThe share of specific/primary data and both variations (products and sites) refer to GWP-GHG results only.

Process flow diagram(s) related images

Default scenario

Name of the default scenarioRecycling of product
Description of the default scenarioThe product is dismantled at the construction site and different material types are sorted before being sent to the respective recycling center. At the recycling center, the materials are sorted and recycled, landfilled or incinerated.

Module C: End-of-life

Explanatory name of the default scenario in module CModule C1-C4
Brief description of the default scenario in module CRecycling of product
Description of the default scenario in module CThe consumption of diesel for demolition in C1 is assumed to be 10 kWh/tonne which is based on PCR 2019:14 2.0.1. The transport distance in C2 is 50 km for glass, 80km for aluminium and steel and 130km for HPL-boards. 95 % of the metals and HPL-board and 30% of the glass are recycled in C3, and the remaining is landfilled C4.

Module D: Beyond product life cycle

Explanatory name of the default scenario in module DModule D
Brief description of the default scenario in module DEnergy recovered from incineration
Description of the default scenario in module DFor calculations in Module D following assumptions have been made: The recycled aluminium, glass and steel are replacing production of primary steel and aluminum. Module D also contains benefits from exported energy from waste incineration declared in module C. Exported energy assumed to be 77 % heat and 23 % electricity from incineration. District heating production mix of Sweden assumed to 40% biofuels, 20% waste, 25 % recovered heat, 10% electricity(includes heat production from heat pumps) and 5% fossil fuels (Energiföretagen Sverige, 2017).

Environmental performance

The estimated impact results are only relative statements, which do not indicate the endpoints of the impact categories, exceeding threshold values, safety margins and/or risks.

Mandatory environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804

Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Climate change - totalGWP-totalkg CO2 eq.5.60E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND5.59E-41.28E-15.38E-17.90E-3-4.15E+1
Climate change - fossilGWP-fossilkg CO2 eq.5.31E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND5.59E-41.28E-12.74E-17.60E-3-4.05E+1
Climate change - biogenicGWP-biogenickg CO2 eq.1.68E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND6.11E-88.85E-52.63E-12.91E-40.00E+0
Climate change - land use and land-use changeGWP-luluckg CO2 eq.1.25E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND4.85E-84.24E-51.78E-41.69E-6-9.46E-1
Ozone depletionODPkg CFC-11 eq.4.31E-6NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND8.56E-122.54E-92.93E-92.04E-10-6.94E-7
AcidificationAPmol H+ eq.3.18E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND5.05E-62.66E-41.21E-33.88E-5-2.55E-1
Eutrophication aquatic freshwaterEP-freshwaterkg P eq.9.58E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.63E-88.65E-67.78E-58.02E-7-2.21E-2
Eutrophication aquatic marineEP-marinekg N eq.5.38E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.34E-66.39E-55.39E-41.70E-5-3.51E-2
Eutrophication terrestrialEP-terrestrialmol N eq.5.78E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.56E-56.90E-43.86E-31.67E-4-3.21E-1
Photochemical ozone formationPOCPkg NMVOC eq.1.87E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND7.64E-64.42E-41.24E-35.98E-5-1.41E-1
Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metalsADP-minerals&metals1, 2kg Sb eq.1.70E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.99E-104.16E-73.51E-62.16E-8-6.91E-5
Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuelsADP-fossil1MJ, net calorific value5.01E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.96E-41.49E-17.95E-12.23E-2-3.16E+2
Water useWDP1m3 world eq. deprived4.75E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.14E-51.01E-23.65E-2-7.69E-2-7.13E+1
AcronymsGWP-fossil = Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic = Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-marine = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential, Accumulated Exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-minerals&metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Abiotic depletion for fossil resources potential; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted water consumption
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).
Disclaimer 1The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator
Disclaimer 2The results of the impact categories abiotic depletion of minerals and metals may be highly uncertain in LCAs that include capital goods/infrastructure in generic datasets, in case infrastructure/capital goods contribute greatly to the total results. This is because the LCI data of infrastructure/capital goods used to quantify these indicators in currently available generic datasets sometimes lack temporal, technological and geographical representativeness. Caution should be exercised when using the results of these indicators for decision-making purposes.

Additional mandatory environmental performance indicators

Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Climate change - GWP-GHGGWP-GHG1kg CO2 eq.5.47E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND5.59E-41.28E-13.92E-17.61E-3-4.16E+1
AcronymsGWP-GHG = Global warming potential greenhouse gas.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).
Disclaimer 1The GWP-GHG indicator is termed GWP-IOBC/GHG in the ILCD+EPD+ data format. The indicator accounts for all greenhouse gases except biogenic carbon dioxide uptake and emissions and biogenic carbon stored in the product. As such, the indicator is identical to GWP-total except that the CF for biogenic CO2 is set to zero.

Additional voluntary environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804

Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Particulate matter emissionsPMDisease incidence1.89E-6NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.43E-109.40E-92.25E-88.42E-10-3.05E-6
Ionizing radiation - human healthIRP1kBq U235 eq.1.85E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.28E-62.33E-32.15E-28.07E-4-1.08E+1
Eco-toxicity - freshwaterETP-fw2, 3CTUe1.88E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.04E-34.89E-13.06E+02.74E+1-1.46E+2
Human toxicity - cancer effectsHTP-c2, 3CTUh7.35E-8NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.19E-129.06E-102.34E-94.47E-11-2.71E-7
Human toxicity - non-cancer effectsHTP-nc2, 3CTUh2.82E-7NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND9.05E-131.13E-95.95E-93.24E-10-4.96E-7
Land-use related impacts/soil qualitySQP2, 3Dimensionless3.65E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND5.14E-41.09E+07.98E+02.53E-1-4.19E+1
AcronymsPM = Potential incidence of disease due to particulate matter emissions; IRP = Potential human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems; HTP-c = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; HTP-nc = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; SQP = Potential soil quality index.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).
Disclaimer 1This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator.
Disclaimer 2The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator.
Disclaimer 3The results of the impact categories land use, human toxicity (cancer), human toxicity, noncancer and ecotoxicity (freshwater) may be highly uncertain in LCAs that include capital goods/infrastructure in generic datasets, in case infrastructure/capital goods contribute greatly to the total results. This is because the LCI data of infrastructure/capital goods used to quantify these indicators in currently available generic datasets sometimes lack temporal, technological and geographical representativeness. Caution should be exercised when using the results of these indicators for decision-making purposes.

Resource use indicators according to EN 15804

IndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
PEREMJ, net calorific value7.38E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND4.49E-53.08E-22.80E-11.49E-2-2.50E+2
PERMMJ, net calorific value0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
PERTMJ, net calorific value7.38E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND4.49E-53.08E-22.80E-11.49E-2-2.50E+2
PENREMJ, net calorific value5.05E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.10E-41.56E-18.24E-12.28E-2-3.28E+2
PENRMMJ, net calorific value9.84E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+0-9.35E-2-4.92E-30.00E+0
PENRTMJ, net calorific value5.05E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.10E-41.56E-17.31E-11.79E-2-3.28E+2
SMkg1.82E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
RSFMJ, net calorific value0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
NRSFMJ, net calorific value0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
FWm35.24E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND8.74E-73.66E-42.41E-32.12E-3-2.30E+0
AcronymsPERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy re-sources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Waste indicators according to EN 15804

IndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
HWDkg2.52E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
NHWDkg2.61E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
RWDkg2.27E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
AcronymsHWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Output flow indicators according to EN 15804

IndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
CRUkg0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
MFRkg3.37E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+07.98E+00.00E+00.00E+0
MERkg1.09E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
EEEMJ, net calorific value2.26E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+01.09E-20.00E+00.00E+0
EETMJ, net calorific value4.09E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+03.64E-20.00E+00.00E+0
AcronymsCRU = Components for re-use; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EEE = Exported electrical energy; EET = Exported thermal energy.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Results of an alternative modelling approach

Description of the scenario/method100% of production go to energy or material recycling for module C.
Results of an alternative modelling approach
Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Climate change - fossilGWP-fossilkg CO2 eq.5.31E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND5.59E-43.04E-27.39E-20.00E+0-4.26E+1
Climate change - biogenicGWP-biogenickg CO2 eq.1.68E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND6.11E-82.11E-56.59E-20.00E+00.00E+0
Climate change - land use and land-use changeGWP-luluckg CO2 eq.1.25E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND4.85E-81.01E-54.45E-50.00E+0-9.96E-1
Climate change - totalGWP-totalkg CO2 eq.5.60E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND5.59E-43.04E-21.40E-10.00E+0-4.39E+1
Ozone depletionODPkg CFC-11 eq.4.31E-6NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND8.56E-126.05E-107.33E-100.00E+0-7.30E-7
AcidificationAPmol H+ eq.3.18E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND5.05E-66.33E-53.03E-40.00E+0-2.68E-1
Eutrophication aquatic freshwaterEP-freshwaterkg P eq.9.58E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.63E-82.06E-61.95E-50.00E+0-2.33E-2
Eutrophication aquatic marineEP-marinekg N eq.5.38E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.34E-61.52E-51.35E-40.00E+0-3.70E-2
Eutrophication terrestrialEP-terrestrialmol N eq.5.78E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.56E-51.64E-49.70E-40.00E+0-3.38E-1
Photochemical ozone formationPOCPkg NMVOC eq.1.87E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND7.64E-61.05E-43.11E-40.00E+0-1.49E-1
Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metalsADP-minerals&metalskg Sb eq.1.70E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.99E-109.90E-88.79E-70.00E+0-7.27E-5
Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuelsADP-fossilMJ, net calorific value5.01E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.96E-43.56E-21.99E-10.00E+0-3.33E+2
Water useWDPm3 world eq. deprived4.75E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.14E-52.41E-39.38E-30.00E+0-7.51E+1
Acronyms
Disclaimers
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Results of an alternative modelling approach

Description of the scenario/method100% of the product go to landfill in module C.
Results of an alternative modelling approach
Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Climate change - fossilGWP-fossilkg CO2 eq.5.31E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND5.59E-42.25E-10.00E+01.52E-10.00E+0
Climate change - biogenicGWP-biogenickg CO2 eq.1.68E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND6.11E-81.56E-40.00E+05.82E-30.00E+0
Climate change - land use and land-use changeGWP-luluckg CO2 eq.1.25E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND4.85E-87.47E-50.00E+03.37E-50.00E+0
Climate change - totalGWP-totalkg CO2 eq.5.60E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND5.59E-42.25E-10.00E+01.58E-10.00E+0
Ozone depletionODPkg CFC-11 eq.4.31E-6NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND8.56E-124.47E-90.00E+04.07E-90.00E+0
AcidificationAPmol H+ eq.3.18E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND5.05E-64.69E-40.00E+07.75E-40.00E+0
Eutrophication aquatic freshwaterEP-freshwaterkg P eq.9.58E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.63E-81.52E-50.00E+01.60E-50.00E+0
Eutrophication aquatic marineEP-marinekg N eq.5.38E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.34E-61.13E-40.00E+03.41E-40.00E+0
Eutrophication terrestrialEP-terrestrialmol N eq.5.78E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.56E-51.21E-30.00E+03.34E-30.00E+0
Photochemical ozone formationPOCPkg NMVOC eq.1.87E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND7.64E-67.79E-40.00E+01.20E-30.00E+0
Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metalsADP-minerals&metalskg Sb eq.1.70E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.99E-107.32E-70.00E+04.31E-70.00E+0
Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuelsADP-fossilMJ, net calorific value5.01E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.96E-42.63E-10.00E+04.45E-10.00E+0
Water useWDPm3 world eq. deprived4.75E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.14E-51.78E-20.00E+0-1.54E+00.00E+0
Acronyms
Disclaimers
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Abbreviations

General Abbreviations

Abbreviation Definition

EN European Norm (Standard)

EPD Environmental Product Declaration

EF Environmental Footprint

GPI General Programme Instructions

ISO International Organization for Standardization

LCA Life Cycle Assessment

PCR Product Category Rules

c-PCR Complementary Product Category Rules

CEN European Committee for Standardization

CLC Co-location centre

CPC Central product classification

GHS Globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals

GRI Global Reporting Initiative

Other Relevant Terms

SVHC Substances of Very High Concern

EC No. European Community Number

CAS No. Chemical Abstracts Service Number

MJ Megajoule

kg Kilogram

m³ Cubic Meter

NMVOC Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds

Sb eq. Antimony Equivalents

P eq. Phosphorus Equivalents

N eq. Nitrogen Equivalents

CFC-11 eq. Chlorofluorocarbon-11 Equivalents

CO₂ eq. Carbon Dioxide Equivalents

kg C Kilograms of Carbon

kg CO₂ eq. Kilograms of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

ND Not Declared

References

Ecoinvent (2023), Ecoinvent 3.10, available database in SimaPro version 9.4.0.2 Multi User, https://support.ecoinvent.org/ecoinvent-version-3.10 [Referenced: 2025-04-10]

EPD International (2025). General Programme Instructions for the International EPD® System.

Version 5.0.1. www.environdec.com.

EPD International (2025). PCR 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804:A2). Version 2.0.1.

www.environdec.com.

Energiföretagen Sverige, 2017

https://www.energiforetagen.se/energifakta/fjarrvarme/fjarrvarmens-miljopaverkan/fjarrvarmens-lokala-miljovarden/

SIS (2022). EN 16757:2022 “Sustainability of construction works – Environmental product declarations – Product Category Rules for concrete and concrete elements”. Svenska Institutet för Standarder

SIS (2021). EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, “Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Core rules for the product category of construction products”. Svenska Institutet för Standarder

LCA-report “Tyréns EPD-generator 3.0 – Balcony Railings – Produkter från Alnova Balkongsystem AB”. Tyréns Sverige AB

Project tool report “Tyréns EPD generator 3.0 – Balcony Railings”. Tyréns Sverige AB.

Version history

Original Version of the EPD, 2026-10-02