GLAZED PORCELAIN CERAMIC TILE WITH A THICKNESS OF 9.5MM

Ceramic tiles are flat or block-shaped ceramic products, manufactured from clay and other inorganic

non-metallic materials through processes such as shaping and firing. They are primarily used for the

decoration and protection of wall and floor surfaces in buildings and structures.

The ceramic tiles covered by this declaration are available in the following formats:

20×20 cm, 20×40 cm, 30×30 cm, 30×60, 40×40 cm, 40×60 cm, 45×90 cm, 60×60 cm, 60×90 cm,

60×120 cm 90×90 cm, ESA12.5, ESA20, ESA30 and other sub-formats derived from the dimensions

of the original format.

Ceramic tiles are made through shaping and firing processes and are used in various applications:

wall and floor coverings in residential, commercial, industrial and public spaces, as well as

healthcare facilities and construction projects.

The activities carried out in the ceramic tile production phase include the following operations:

• Spray-dried powder production: raw materials (clay, sand, and feldspar) undergo wet

grinding followed by spray drying to obtain a powder with the moisture content and particle

size suitable for pressing.

• Pressing: the spray-dried powder is compacted in molds using presses to form the ceramic

body in the desired shape and size.

• Drying: the pressed bodies are dried to remove residual moisture and ensure dimensional

stability prior to firing.

• Glazing: a ceramic glaze is applied to the tile surface to provide aesthetic and functional

characteristics.

• Firing: the tiles are fired in a high-temperature kiln to consolidate the ceramic structure and

achieve the final mechanical properties.

• Finishing: the fired tiles may undergo finishing operations (e.g., rectification, quality control,

and packaging).