EPD-IES-0034386:001

Ready mixed concrete Frys C32/40 dmax steg 3

Ready mixed Concrete for use in construction. The product is process‑certified factory‑produced concrete and meets the requirements of the European standard EN 206 and the Swedish complementary standard SS 137003. Concrete is recyclable, usually as filling material or crushed and reused as aggregate in newly manufactured factory concrete. The product have the exposure class XF3, XC4 and strength class C32/40.

General information

EPD Ownerbyggbetong John Dahlgren AB
Registration numberEPD-IES-0034386:001
EPD typeEPD of a single product from a manufacturer/service provider
StatusValid
Version date2026-08-27
Validity date2031-08-27
Standards conformanceISO 14025:2006, EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021
Geographical scopeSweden
An EPD may be updated or depublished if conditions change. This is the latest version of the EPD.

Programme information

ProgrammeInternational EPD System
AddressEPD International AB Box 210 60 SE-100 31 Stockholm Sweden
Websitewww.environdec.com
E-mailsupport@environdec.com

Product category rules

CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the Core Product Category Rules (PCR)
Product Category Rules (PCR)2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) (version 2.0.1) 2.0.1
PCR review was conducted byThe Technical Committee of the International EPD System. See www.environdec.com for a list of members. Review chair: Rob Rouwette (chair), Noa Meron (co-chair). The review panel may be contacted via the Secretariat www.environdec.com/support.
Complementary Product Category Rules (c-PCR)2019:14-c-PCR-003 Concrete and concrete elements (EN 16757) 1.0.0 Version: 1.0.0
c-PCR review was conducted byThe Technical Committee of the International EPD System

Verification

Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006, via
Tool name and versionByggbetong - Tyréns EPD generator, version 4.0.0
Third-party verifier, accountable for the tool and EPD verificationNikolay Minkov, Greentability
Approved byThe International EPD® System
Procedure for follow-up of data during EPD validity involves third party verifier
*EPD Process Certification involves an accredited certification body certifying and periodically auditing the EPD process and conducting external and independent verification of EPDs that are regularly published. More information can be found in the General Programme Instructions on www.environdec.com.

Ownership and limitation on use of EPD

Limitations

EPDs within the same product category but published in different EPD programmes, may not be comparable. For two EPDs to be comparable, they shall be based on the same PCR (including the same first-digit version number) or be based on fully aligned PCRs or versions of PCRs; cover products with identical functions, technical performances and use (e.g. identical declared/functional units); have identical scope in terms of included life-cycle stages (unless the excluded life-cycle stage is demonstrated to be insignificant); apply identical impact assessment methods (including the same version of characterisation factors); and be valid at the time of comparison.

Ownership

The EPD Owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD.

Information about EPD Owner

EPD Ownerbyggbetong John Dahlgren AB
Contact person nameLudvig Dahlgren
Contact person e-mailludvig.dahlgren@byggbetong.se
Organisation addressTruckgatan 11 93136 Skellefteå Sweden
LCA PractitionerAlbert Norin, albert.norin@tyrens.se

Description of the organisation of the EPD Owner

Bygggbetong is a ready-mix producer in northern Sweden with 7 concrete plants. As a family-owned company, we stand for high quality, close customer relations, and strong technical expertise to create opportunities for our customers to achieve excellent results. With more than 90 years of experience with the northern Swedish climate, we specialize in concrete for cold temperatures. Byggbetong have been a part of different type of constructions as of housing, shotcrete for tunneling projects, windfarms, bridges and water dams for example. We have a lot of experience of concrete with a lower carbon footprint and offer solutions for different applications.

Organisation logo

Product information

Product nameReady mixed concrete Frys C32/40 dmax steg 3
Product identificationReady mixed concrete Frys C32/40 dmax steg 3
Product descriptionReady mixed Concrete for use in construction. The product is process‑certified factory‑produced concrete and meets the requirements of the European standard EN 206 and the Swedish complementary standard SS 137003. Concrete is recyclable, usually as filling material or crushed and reused as aggregate in newly manufactured factory concrete. The product have the exposure class XF3, XC4 and strength class C32/40.
Technical purpose of productConcrete is a structural construction material whose technical purpose is to provide a strong, durable, and moldable building medium
Manufacturing or service provision descriptionReady-mixed concrete is made by mixing coarse and fine aggregates, cement and water in controlled proportions. Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) is used to decrease the amount of cement required. Chemical admixtures are used to improve the technical properties
Material propertiesVolumetric mass density: 2331 kg/m3
Volumetric mass density:
2331 kg/m3
Manufacturing siteByggbetong AB Hedensbyn Truckgatan 11 93136 Skellefteå Sweden
UN CPC code375. Articles of concrete, cement and plaster
Geographical scopeSweden

Product images

Content declaration

Hazardous and toxic substancesThe product does not contain any substances from the SVHC candidate list in concentrations exceeding 0.1% of its weight.
Product content
Content nameMass, kgPost-consumer recycled material, mass-% of productBiogenic material, mass-% of productBiogenic material1, kg C/declared unit
Merit76000
Water178000
Crushed gravel1718000
Additive1.49000
Cement324000
Total2297.49000
Note 11 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2

LCA information

EPD based on declared or functional unitDeclared unit
Declared unit and reference flowReady mixed concrete Frys C32/40 dmax steg 3 Volume: 1 m3
Conversion factor to mass2297.5
Are infrastructure or capital goods included in any upstream, core or downstream processes?
Do infrastructure and capital goods contribute more than 10% to the A1-A3 (A1-A5 for services) results of any environmental impact indicator declared in the EPD?
Datasources used for this EPDecoinvent database (general) ecoinvent 3.11 database
LCA SoftwareSimaPro 10.5
Additional information about the underlying LCA-based information
Cut-off: a cut-off limit of 1% of the total energy use and of the total material use is applied. <1% spillage is therefore assumed. This spillage is very small and excluded as cut -off. No know flows have been excluded based on cut‑off criteria; all relevant material and energy flows have been considered in accordance with EN 15804. Allocation: Manufacturing processes are allocated to the products using mass allocation. Some concrete waste are made into blocks which can then be sold, but at a significantly lower price than the other products. Consequently, part of the environmental impact from producing the materials included in the blocks is allocated to the concrete blocks according to the economic allocation principle
Version of the EN 15804 reference packageEF Reference Package 3.1
Characterisation methodsEF 3.1
Technology description including background systemThe raw materials in A1 are Cement, aggregate, additives and water. These main materials can be used in different combination when mixing the concrete to get different properties. The transport distance in A2 is fixed and the transport mode is trucks. In A3, the production consists of mixing the raw material into a concrete mix. The factory is in Sweden.
Scrap (recycled material) inputs contribution levelLess than 10% of the GWP-GHG results in modules A1-A3 come from scrap inputs

Data quality assessment

Description of data quality assessment and reference yearsThe infrastructure or capital goods used in the product system for underlying processes are included for upstream and downstream processes, as infrastructure or capital goods can NOT be excluded in SimaPro Synergy. Therefore results of the impact categories abiotic depletion of minerals and metals, land use, human toxicity (cancer), human toxicity, noncancer and ecotoxicity (freshwater) may be highly uncertain in LCAs that include capital goods/infrastructure in secondary datasets, in case infrastructure/capital goods contribute greatly to the total results. This is because the LCI data of infrastructure/capital goods used to quantify these indicators in currently available secondary datasets sometimes lack temporal, technological and geographical representativeness. Caution should be exercised when using the results of these indicators for decision-making purposes. For core module infrastructure or capital goods are excluded. The data quality of the background data is considered good. The assessment considers all available data from the production process, including all raw materials and auxiliary materials used as well as the energy consumption in relation to available Ecoinvent datasets and EPD’s. Reference year is 2025.
Data quality assessment
Process nameSource typeSourceReference yearData categoryShare of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3
Manufacturing of product, inclusive generation of electricity used in manufacturing of productCollected production data and DatabasesCollected production data (EPD owner) & Electricity data from Ecoinvent v 3.112025Primary data1%
Transport of materials & packaging to manufacturing siteCollected data and DatabaseDatabases Ecoinvent v3.11 & (EPD owner) 2025Primary data4%
Production of ingoing materials and packagingEPD and DatabaseEPDs (Confidential) & Databases Ecoinvent v3.11< 5 years oldPrimary data and secondary data80%
Total share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A385%
The share of primary data is calculated based on GWP-GHG results. It is a simplified indicator for data quality that supports the use of more primary data to increase the representativeness of and comparability between EPDs. Note that the indicator does not capture all relevant aspects of data quality and is not comparable across product categories.
Electricity data
Electricity used in the manufacturing process in A3 (A5 for services)
Type of electricity mixResidual electricity mix on the market
Energy sourcesHydro16%
Wind8%
Solar17%
Biomass10%
Geothermal0%
Waste0%
Nuclear36%
Natural gas1%
Coal1%
Oil1%
Peat0%
Other10%
GWP-GHG intensity (kg CO2 eq./kWh)0.08 kg CO2 eq./kWh
CO2 uptake associated with carbonation and its assumptions
Production stage (module A)Excluded
Use stage (module B)Excluded
End-of-Life stage (module C)Excluded
Beyond product life cycle (Module D)Excluded

System boundary

Description of the system boundarya) Cradle to gate with modules C1-C4 and module D (A1-A3 + C + D).
Excluded modulesYes, there is an excluded module, or there are excluded modules
Justification for the omission of modulesAccording to the PCR 2019:14 Construction product module A1-A3, C1-C4 and D are mandatory. All others modules is optional. B1-B7 is excluded.

Declared modules

Product stageConstruction process stageUse stageEnd of life stageBeyond product life cycle
Raw material supplyTransportManufacturingTransport to siteConstruction installationUseMaintenanceRepairReplacementRefurbishmentOperational energy useOperational water useDe-construction demolitionTransportWaste processingDisposalReuse-Recovery-Recycling-potential
ModuleA1A2A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Modules declaredXXXNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDXXXXX
GeographyScandinaviaScandinaviaSwedenEuropeEuropeEuropeEuropeEuropeEuropeEuropeEuropeEuropeSwedenSwedenSwedenSwedenSweden
Share of specific data85%--------------
Variation - products0%--------------
Variation - sites0%--------------
DisclaimerThe share of specific/primary data and both variations (products and sites) refer to GWP-GHG results only.

Process flow diagram(s) related images

Default scenario

Name of the default scenarioMaterial recycling, crushed concrete as gravel
Description of the default scenarioThe product is dismantled at the construction site and different material types are sorted before being sent to the respective recycling center. At the recycling center, concrete is crushed and reused as fill materials.

Module C: End-of-life

Explanatory name of the default scenario in module CModule C
Brief description of the default scenario in module CConcrete is crushed and will be used as gravel
Description of the default scenario in module CThe consumption of diesel for demolition in C1 is assumed to be 10 kWh/tonne which is based on PCR 2019:14 2.0.1. The transport distance in C2 is 80 km in a 32-metric-tonne vehicle. The energy use of crushing concrete in C3 is assumed to be 2 kWh/tonne. 80 % of the concrete is recycled in C3, and the remaining is landfilled C4.

Module D: Beyond product life cycle

Explanatory name of the default scenario in module DModule D
Brief description of the default scenario in module DConcrete is crushed and will be used as gravel
Description of the default scenario in module DFor calculations in Module D following assumption has been made: The crushed concrete is replacing crushed gravel.

Environmental performance

The estimated impact results are only relative statements, which do not indicate the endpoints of the impact categories, exceeding threshold values, safety margins and/or risks.

Mandatory environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804

Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Climate change - totalGWP-totalkg CO2 eq.2.20E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND8.88E-33.43E+18.83E-13.02E+0-4.17E+0
Climate change - fossilGWP-fossilkg CO2 eq.2.19E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND8.88E-33.43E+18.82E-13.01E+0-4.16E+0
Climate change - biogenicGWP-biogenickg CO2 eq.2.03E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.80E-62.38E-21.79E-47.91E-30.00E+0
Climate change - land use and land-use changeGWP-luluckg CO2 eq.1.13E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND9.08E-71.16E-29.03E-53.66E-4-2.75E-3
Ozone depletionODPkg CFC-11 eq.1.27E-6NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.32E-107.49E-71.31E-84.52E-8-5.31E-8
AcidificationAPmol H+ eq.6.71E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND7.93E-57.37E-27.89E-32.65E-2-3.34E-2
Eutrophication aquatic freshwaterEP-freshwaterkg P eq.1.47E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.86E-72.38E-32.84E-59.72E-5-9.16E-4
Eutrophication aquatic marineEP-marinekg N eq.2.21E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.69E-51.77E-23.67E-31.23E-2-9.91E-3
Eutrophication terrestrialEP-terrestrialmol N eq.2.85E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND4.04E-41.92E-14.02E-21.34E-1-1.34E-1
Photochemical ozone formationPOCPkg NMVOC eq.6.93E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.21E-41.17E-11.20E-24.04E-2-3.32E-2
Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metalsADP-minerals&metals1, 2kg Sb eq.5.96E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.17E-91.18E-43.15E-71.24E-6-6.29E-5
Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuelsADP-fossil1MJ, net calorific value1.75E+3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND4.50E-33.89E+14.47E-11.58E+0-2.52E+1
Water useWDP1m3 world eq. deprived5.02E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.35E-42.49E+03.33E-21.21E-1-1.75E+1
AcronymsGWP-fossil = Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic = Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-marine = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential, Accumulated Exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-minerals&metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Abiotic depletion for fossil resources potential; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted water consumption
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).
Disclaimer 1The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator
Disclaimer 2The results of the impact categories abiotic depletion of minerals and metals may be highly uncertain in LCAs that include capital goods/infrastructure in generic datasets, in case infrastructure/capital goods contribute greatly to the total results. This is because the LCI data of infrastructure/capital goods used to quantify these indicators in currently available generic datasets sometimes lack temporal, technological and geographical representativeness. Caution should be exercised when using the results of these indicators for decision-making purposes.

Additional mandatory environmental performance indicators

Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Climate change - GWP-GHGGWP-GHG1kg CO2 eq.2.20E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND8.88E-33.43E+18.83E-13.02E+0-4.17E+0
AcronymsGWP-GHG = Global warming potential greenhouse gas.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).
Disclaimer 1The GWP-GHG indicator is termed GWP-IOBC/GHG in the ILCD+EPD+ data format. The indicator accounts for all greenhouse gases except biogenic carbon dioxide uptake and emissions and biogenic carbon stored in the product. As such, the indicator is identical to GWP-total except that the CF for biogenic CO2 is set to zero.

Additional voluntary environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804

Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Particulate matter emissionsPMDisease incidence6.16E-6NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.27E-92.57E-62.25E-77.69E-7-7.77E-7
Ionizing radiation - human healthIRP1kBq U235 eq.1.44E+3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND4.92E-55.89E-14.90E-32.17E-2-1.05E+0
Eco-toxicity - freshwaterETP-fw2, 3CTUe2.32E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND6.27E-36.54E+16.23E-12.14E+0-1.87E+1
Human toxicity - cancer effectsHTP-c2, 3CTUh7.72E-8NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND9.02E-135.73E-98.97E-113.13E-10-2.20E-9
Human toxicity - non-cancer effectsHTP-nc2, 3CTUh1.10E-6NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.42E-113.06E-71.41E-95.25E-9-5.41E-8
Land-use related impacts/soil qualitySQP2, 3Dimensionless6.90E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND7.67E-32.93E+27.63E-14.83E+1-1.25E+2
AcronymsPM = Potential incidence of disease due to particulate matter emissions; IRP = Potential human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems; HTP-c = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; HTP-nc = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; SQP = Potential soil quality index.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).
Disclaimer 1This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator.
Disclaimer 2The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator.
Disclaimer 3The results of the impact categories land use, human toxicity (cancer), human toxicity, noncancer and ecotoxicity (freshwater) may be highly uncertain in LCAs that include capital goods/infrastructure in generic datasets, in case infrastructure/capital goods contribute greatly to the total results. This is because the LCI data of infrastructure/capital goods used to quantify these indicators in currently available generic datasets sometimes lack temporal, technological and geographical representativeness. Caution should be exercised when using the results of these indicators for decision-making purposes.

Resource use indicators according to EN 15804

IndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
PEREMJ, net calorific value1.90E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND7.28E-48.04E+07.23E-21.19E+0-1.98E+1
PERMMJ, net calorific value1.83E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+0-1.08E-1-2.70E-20.00E+0
PERTMJ, net calorific value1.90E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND7.28E-48.04E+0-3.56E-21.16E+0-1.98E+1
PENREMJ, net calorific value1.27E+3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND4.71E-34.06E+14.68E-11.66E+0-2.57E+1
PENRMMJ, net calorific value8.28E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+0-5.47E+0-1.37E+00.00E+0
PENRTMJ, net calorific value1.28E+3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND4.71E-34.06E+1-5.00E+02.89E-1-2.57E+1
SMkg9.33E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
RSFMJ, net calorific value2.47E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
NRSFMJ, net calorific value0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
FWm31.29E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.37E-59.27E-21.36E-34.88E-3-4.39E-1
AcronymsPERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy re-sources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Waste indicators according to EN 15804

IndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
HWDkg8.33E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
NHWDkg4.21E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
RWDkg7.37E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
AcronymsHWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Output flow indicators according to EN 15804

IndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
CRUkg0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
MFRkg2.60E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+01.22E+30.00E+00.00E+0
MERkg7.67E-4NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
EEEMJ, net calorific value4.97E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
EETMJ, net calorific value1.99E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
AcronymsCRU = Components for re-use; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EEE = Exported electrical energy; EET = Exported thermal energy.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Results of an alternative modelling approach

Description of the scenario/method100% of production go to energy or material recycling for module C.
Results of an alternative modelling approach
Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Climate change - fossilGWP-fossilkg CO2 eq.2.19E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND8.88E-33.43E+11.66E+00.00E+0-7.93E+0
Climate change - biogenicGWP-biogenickg CO2 eq.2.03E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.80E-62.38E-23.37E-40.00E+00.00E+0
Climate change - land use and land-use changeGWP-luluckg CO2 eq.1.13E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND9.08E-71.16E-21.70E-40.00E+0-4.73E-3
Climate change - totalGWP-totalkg CO2 eq.2.20E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND8.88E-33.43E+11.67E+00.00E+0-8.21E+0
Ozone depletionODPkg CFC-11 eq.1.27E-6NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.32E-107.49E-72.47E-80.00E+0-9.92E-8
AcidificationAPmol H+ eq.6.71E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND7.93E-57.37E-21.49E-20.00E+0-6.32E-2
Eutrophication aquatic freshwaterEP-freshwaterkg P eq.1.47E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.86E-72.38E-35.37E-50.00E+0-1.52E-3
Eutrophication aquatic marineEP-marinekg N eq.2.21E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.69E-51.77E-26.93E-30.00E+0-1.87E-2
Eutrophication terrestrialEP-terrestrialmol N eq.2.85E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND4.04E-41.92E-17.58E-20.00E+0-2.52E-1
Photochemical ozone formationPOCPkg NMVOC eq.6.93E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.21E-41.17E-12.27E-20.00E+0-6.28E-2
Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metalsADP-minerals&metalskg Sb eq.5.96E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.17E-91.18E-45.94E-70.00E+0-1.09E-4
Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuelsADP-fossilMJ, net calorific value1.75E+3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND4.50E-33.89E+18.44E-10.00E+0-4.47E+1
Water useWDPm3 world eq. deprived5.02E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.35E-42.49E+06.28E-20.00E+0-3.40E+1
Acronyms
Disclaimers
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Results of an alternative modelling approach

Description of the scenario/method100% of the product go to landfill in module C.
Results of an alternative modelling approach
Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Climate change - fossilGWP-fossilkg CO2 eq.2.19E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND8.88E-33.43E+10.00E+06.41E+00.00E+0
Climate change - biogenicGWP-biogenickg CO2 eq.2.03E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.80E-62.38E-20.00E+01.68E-20.00E+0
Climate change - land use and land-use changeGWP-luluckg CO2 eq.1.13E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND9.08E-71.16E-20.00E+07.79E-40.00E+0
Climate change - totalGWP-totalkg CO2 eq.2.20E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND8.88E-33.43E+10.00E+06.43E+00.00E+0
Ozone depletionODPkg CFC-11 eq.1.27E-6NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.32E-107.49E-70.00E+09.62E-80.00E+0
AcidificationAPmol H+ eq.6.71E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND7.93E-57.37E-20.00E+05.63E-20.00E+0
Eutrophication aquatic freshwaterEP-freshwaterkg P eq.1.47E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.86E-72.38E-30.00E+02.07E-40.00E+0
Eutrophication aquatic marineEP-marinekg N eq.2.21E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.69E-51.77E-20.00E+02.61E-20.00E+0
Eutrophication terrestrialEP-terrestrialmol N eq.2.85E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND4.04E-41.92E-10.00E+02.86E-10.00E+0
Photochemical ozone formationPOCPkg NMVOC eq.6.93E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.21E-41.17E-10.00E+08.59E-20.00E+0
Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metalsADP-minerals&metalskg Sb eq.5.96E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.17E-91.18E-40.00E+02.63E-60.00E+0
Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuelsADP-fossilMJ, net calorific value1.75E+3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND4.50E-33.89E+10.00E+03.37E+00.00E+0
Water useWDPm3 world eq. deprived5.02E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.35E-42.49E+00.00E+02.57E-10.00E+0
Acronyms
Disclaimers
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Abbreviations

General Abbreviations       

Abbreviation Definition

EN                 European Norm (Standard)

EPD               Environmental Product Declaration

EF                  Environmental Footprint

GPI                General Programme Instructions

ISO                International Organization for Standardization

LCA               Life Cycle Assessment

PCR               Product Category Rules

c-PCR            Complementary Product Category Rules

CEN               European Committee for Standardization

CLC                Co-location centre

CPC               Central product classification

GHS               Globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals

GRI                Global Reporting Initiative

Other Relevant Terms        

SVHC             Substances of Very High Concern

EC No.           European Community Number

CAS No.         Chemical Abstracts Service Number

MJ                  Megajoule

kg                   Kilogram

m³                  Cubic Meter

NMVOC         Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds

Sb eq.            Antimony Equivalents

P eq.              Phosphorus Equivalents

N eq.              Nitrogen Equivalents

CFC-11 eq.    Chlorofluorocarbon-11 Equivalents

CO₂ eq.          Carbon Dioxide Equivalents

kg C                Kilograms of Carbon

kg CO₂ eq.     Kilograms of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

ND                  Not Declared

References

Ecoinvent (2026), Ecoinvent 3.11, available database in SimaPro Synergy Version 1.21, https://support.ecoinvent.org/ecoinvent-version-3.11 [Referenced: 2025-04-10]

EPD International (2025). General Programme Instructions for the International EPD® System.

Version 5.0.1. www.environdec.com.

EPD International (2025). PCR 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804:A2). Version 2.0.1.

PCR 2019:14-c-PCR-003 Concrete and concrete elements (EN 16757) (ver. 1.0.0)

SIS (2022). EN 16757:2022 “Sustainability of construction works – Environmental product declarations – Product Category Rules for concrete and concrete elements”. Svenska Institutet för Standarder

SIS (2021). EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021, “Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Core rules for the product category of construction products”. Svenska Institutet för Standarder

Svensk Betong. (2024). Bilaga 1 Fabriksbetong -Vägledning Klimatförbättrad betong Utgåva 2 S V E N S K B E T O N G. In SVENSKBETONG.SE. from https://www.svenskbetong.se/images/Pdf/Bilaga%201%20Fabriksbetong%202025%20.pdf

Tyréns (2026) LCA-report EPD-generator 4.0.0 - Byggbetong. Dated: 2026-05-08

Version history

Original Version of the EPD, 2026-08-27