General information
| EPD Owner | LK Systems |
|---|---|
| Registration number | EPD-IES-0032448:001 |
| EPD type | EPD of multiple products based on a representative product |
| Status | Valid |
| Version date | 2026-05-01 |
| Validity date | 2031-05-01 |
| Standards conformance | ISO 14025:2006, EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021 |
| Geographical scope | Sweden |
| An EPD may be updated or depublished if conditions change. This is the latest version of the EPD. | |
Programme information
| Programme | International EPD System |
|---|---|
| Address | EPD International AB Box 210 60 SE-100 31 Stockholm Sweden |
| Website | www.environdec.com |
| support@environdec.com |
Product category rules
| CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the Core Product Category Rules (PCR) | |
| Product Category Rules (PCR) | 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) (version 2.0.1) 2.0.1 |
|---|---|
| PCR review was conducted by | The Technical Committee of the International EPD System. See www.environdec.com for a list of members. Review chair: Rob Rouwette (chair), Noa Meron (co-chair). The review panel may be contacted via the Secretariat www.environdec.com/support. |
Verification
| Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006, via | |
|---|---|
| Fully pre-verified EPD tool | LK Systems - Tyréns EPD generator, version 3.1.0 |
| Third-party verifier, accountable for the tool and EPD verification | Pär Lindman, Miljögiraff |
| Approved by | The International EPD® System |
| *EPD Process Certification involves an accredited certification body certifying and periodically auditing the EPD process and conducting external and independent verification of EPDs that are regularly published. More information can be found in the General Programme Instructions on www.environdec.com. | |
Ownership and limitation on use of EPD
Limitations
EPDs within the same product category but published in different EPD programmes, may not be comparable. For two EPDs to be comparable, they shall be based on the same PCR (including the same first-digit version number) or be based on fully aligned PCRs or versions of PCRs; cover products with identical functions, technical performances and use (e.g. identical declared/functional units); have identical scope in terms of included life-cycle stages (unless the excluded life-cycle stage is demonstrated to be insignificant); apply identical impact assessment methods (including the same version of characterisation factors); and be valid at the time of comparison.
Ownership
The EPD Owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD.
Information about EPD Owner
| EPD Owner | LK Systems |
|---|---|
| Contact person name | LK Systems AB |
| Contact person e-mail | info@lksystems.se |
| Organisation address | Johannesfredsvägen 7 168 69 Bromma Sweden |
| LCA Practitioner | Anna Pantze, anna.pantze@tyrens.se |
Description of the organisation of the EPD Owner
LK Systems is the leading manufacturer of easy-to-install systems for heating and tap water distribution in the Nordics. Through our prefabrication factory, we also provide tailor-made solutions that simplify the installation process even further. From idea to final solution, you can be sure of the smartest answers for your everyday challenges, today and tomorrow.
Organisation logo
Product information
Ballvalve w Thermometer 1" f/m
| Product name | Ballvalve w Thermometer 1" f/m |
|---|---|
| Product identification | 2418900 |
| Product description | Isolation ball valves manufactured from dezincification resistant brass in various dimensions.Knobs in blue and red to indicate cold and warm water.Production takes place in Lumezzane, Italy, consisting of casting or hot forging, and then machining to final dimensions. The parts are finished by cleaning, surface treatment and packaging.Values correspond to product number 1882565, which has been selected as the representative product since it accounts for more than 20% of the total sales volume for the product group and contains the widest range of materials.Recycled materials:Brass - 97%Climate impact from recycled material/materials is/areBrass:2,04 kg CO2 eq. per kg (GWP-GHG)Climate impact from the energy mix in production is 0,618 kg CO2 eq. per kWh (GWP-GHG). |
| Technical purpose of product | Easy-to-install systems for heating and tap water distribution |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The manufacturing process includes the manufacturing of the raw materials used for the final product. After the manufacturing of the product is completed, it is packed in product specific packaging, which is then stacked on a pallet and then transported to the warehouse. The production process flow contains the same or similar steps in all manufacturing locations for each material. See product information for detailed production process. |
| Material properties | Mass per piece: 0.65 kg/piece
Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 Mass per piece: 0.65 kg/piece Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | LK Systems AB LK Systems AB 25065 Lumezzane Italy |
| UN CPC code | 41516. Tubes, pipes and tube or pipe fittings, of copper |
| Geographical scope | Sweden |
Product images
Ball Valve 427 Blue, straight
| Product name | Ball Valve 427 Blue, straight |
|---|---|
| Product identification | 1882346 |
| Product description | Isolation ball valves manufactured from dezincification resistant brass in various dimensions.Knobs in blue and red to indicate cold and warm water.Production takes place in Lumezzane, Italy, consisting of casting or hot forging, and then machining to final dimensions. The parts are finished by cleaning, surface treatment and packaging.Values correspond to product number 1882565, which has been selected as the representative product since it accounts for more than 20% of the total sales volume for the product group and contains the widest range of materials.Recycled materials:Brass - 97%Climate impact from recycled material/materials is/areBrass:2,04 kg CO2 eq. per kg (GWP-GHG)Climate impact from the energy mix in production is 0,618 kg CO2 eq. per kWh (GWP-GHG). |
| Technical purpose of product | Easy-to-install systems for heating and tap water distribution |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The manufacturing process includes the manufacturing of the raw materials used for the final product. After the manufacturing of the product is completed, it is packed in product specific packaging, which is then stacked on a pallet and then transported to the warehouse. The production process flow contains the same or similar steps in all manufacturing locations for each material. See product information for detailed production process. |
| Material properties | Mass per piece: 0.11 kg/piece
Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 Mass per piece: 0.11 kg/piece Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | LK Systems AB LK Systems AB 25065 Lumezzane Italy |
| UN CPC code | 41516. Tubes, pipes and tube or pipe fittings, of copper |
| Geographical scope | Sweden |
Product images
Ball Valve 427 Red straight
| Product name | Ball Valve 427 Red straight |
|---|---|
| Product identification | 1882347 |
| Product description | Isolation ball valves manufactured from dezincification resistant brass in various dimensions.Knobs in blue and red to indicate cold and warm water.Production takes place in Lumezzane, Italy, consisting of casting or hot forging, and then machining to final dimensions. The parts are finished by cleaning, surface treatment and packaging.Values correspond to product number 1882565, which has been selected as the representative product since it accounts for more than 20% of the total sales volume for the product group and contains the widest range of materials.Recycled materials:Brass - 97%Climate impact from recycled material/materials is/areBrass:2,04 kg CO2 eq. per kg (GWP-GHG)Climate impact from the energy mix in production is 0,618 kg CO2 eq. per kWh (GWP-GHG). |
| Technical purpose of product | Easy-to-install systems for heating and tap water distribution |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The manufacturing process includes the manufacturing of the raw materials used for the final product. After the manufacturing of the product is completed, it is packed in product specific packaging, which is then stacked on a pallet and then transported to the warehouse. The production process flow contains the same or similar steps in all manufacturing locations for each material. See product information for detailed production process. |
| Material properties | Mass per piece: 0.11 kg/piece
Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 Mass per piece: 0.11 kg/piece Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | LK Systems AB LK Systems AB 25065 Lumezzane Italy |
| UN CPC code | 41516. Tubes, pipes and tube or pipe fittings, of copper |
| Geographical scope | Sweden |
Product images
Ball Valve 827 Blue, straight
| Product name | Ball Valve 827 Blue, straight |
|---|---|
| Product identification | 1882565 |
| Product description | Isolation ball valves manufactured from dezincification resistant brass in various dimensions.Knobs in blue and red to indicate cold and warm water.Production takes place in Lumezzane, Italy, consisting of casting or hot forging, and then machining to final dimensions. The parts are finished by cleaning, surface treatment and packaging.Values correspond to product number 1882565, which has been selected as the representative product since it accounts for more than 20% of the total sales volume for the product group and contains the widest range of materials.Recycled materials:Brass - 97%Climate impact from recycled material/materials is/areBrass:2,04 kg CO2 eq. per kg (GWP-GHG)Climate impact from the energy mix in production is 0,618 kg CO2 eq. per kWh (GWP-GHG). |
| Technical purpose of product | Easy-to-install systems for heating and tap water distribution |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The manufacturing process includes the manufacturing of the raw materials used for the final product. After the manufacturing of the product is completed, it is packed in product specific packaging, which is then stacked on a pallet and then transported to the warehouse. The production process flow contains the same or similar steps in all manufacturing locations for each material. See product information for detailed production process. |
| Material properties | Mass per piece: 0.098 kg/piece
Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 Mass per piece: 0.098 kg/piece Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | LK Systems AB LK Systems AB 25065 Lumezzane Italy |
| UN CPC code | 41516. Tubes, pipes and tube or pipe fittings, of copper |
| Geographical scope | Sweden |
Product images
Ball Valve 827 Red, straight
| Product name | Ball Valve 827 Red, straight |
|---|---|
| Product identification | 1882566 |
| Product description | Isolation ball valves manufactured from dezincification resistant brass in various dimensions.Knobs in blue and red to indicate cold and warm water.Production takes place in Lumezzane, Italy, consisting of casting or hot forging, and then machining to final dimensions. The parts are finished by cleaning, surface treatment and packaging.Values correspond to product number 1882565, which has been selected as the representative product since it accounts for more than 20% of the total sales volume for the product group and contains the widest range of materials.Recycled materials:Brass - 97%Climate impact from recycled material/materials is/areBrass:2,04 kg CO2 eq. per kg (GWP-GHG)Climate impact from the energy mix in production is 0,618 kg CO2 eq. per kWh (GWP-GHG). |
| Technical purpose of product | Easy-to-install systems for heating and tap water distribution |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The manufacturing process includes the manufacturing of the raw materials used for the final product. After the manufacturing of the product is completed, it is packed in product specific packaging, which is then stacked on a pallet and then transported to the warehouse. The production process flow contains the same or similar steps in all manufacturing locations for each material. See product information for detailed production process. |
| Material properties | Mass per piece: 0.098 kg/piece
Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 Mass per piece: 0.098 kg/piece Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | LK Systems AB LK Systems AB 25065 Lumezzane Italy |
| UN CPC code | 41516. Tubes, pipes and tube or pipe fittings, of copper |
| Geographical scope | Sweden |
Product images
Ball Valve 434, straight B
| Product name | Ball Valve 434, straight B |
|---|---|
| Product identification | 4811011 |
| Product description | Isolation ball valves manufactured from dezincification resistant brass in various dimensions.Knobs in blue and red to indicate cold and warm water.Production takes place in Lumezzane, Italy, consisting of casting or hot forging, and then machining to final dimensions. The parts are finished by cleaning, surface treatment and packaging.Values correspond to product number 1882565, which has been selected as the representative product since it accounts for more than 20% of the total sales volume for the product group and contains the widest range of materials.Recycled materials:Brass - 97%Climate impact from recycled material/materials is/areBrass:2,04 kg CO2 eq. per kg (GWP-GHG)Climate impact from the energy mix in production is 0,618 kg CO2 eq. per kWh (GWP-GHG). |
| Technical purpose of product | Easy-to-install systems for heating and tap water distribution |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The manufacturing process includes the manufacturing of the raw materials used for the final product. After the manufacturing of the product is completed, it is packed in product specific packaging, which is then stacked on a pallet and then transported to the warehouse. The production process flow contains the same or similar steps in all manufacturing locations for each material. See product information for detailed production process. |
| Material properties | Mass per piece: 0.35 kg/piece
Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 Mass per piece: 0.35 kg/piece Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | LK Systems AB LK Systems AB 25065 Lumezzane Italy |
| UN CPC code | 41516. Tubes, pipes and tube or pipe fittings, of copper |
| Geographical scope | Sweden |
Product images
Ball Valve 434, straight R
| Product name | Ball Valve 434, straight R |
|---|---|
| Product identification | 4811012 |
| Product description | Isolation ball valves manufactured from dezincification resistant brass in various dimensions.Knobs in blue and red to indicate cold and warm water.Production takes place in Lumezzane, Italy, consisting of casting or hot forging, and then machining to final dimensions. The parts are finished by cleaning, surface treatment and packaging.Values correspond to product number 1882565, which has been selected as the representative product since it accounts for more than 20% of the total sales volume for the product group and contains the widest range of materials.Recycled materials:Brass - 97%Climate impact from recycled material/materials is/areBrass:2,04 kg CO2 eq. per kg (GWP-GHG)Climate impact from the energy mix in production is 0,618 kg CO2 eq. per kWh (GWP-GHG). |
| Technical purpose of product | Easy-to-install systems for heating and tap water distribution |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The manufacturing process includes the manufacturing of the raw materials used for the final product. After the manufacturing of the product is completed, it is packed in product specific packaging, which is then stacked on a pallet and then transported to the warehouse. The production process flow contains the same or similar steps in all manufacturing locations for each material. See product information for detailed production process. |
| Material properties | Mass per piece: 0.35 kg/piece
Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 Mass per piece: 0.35 kg/piece Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | LK Systems AB LK Systems AB 25065 Lumezzane Italy |
| UN CPC code | 41516. Tubes, pipes and tube or pipe fittings, of copper |
| Geographical scope | Sweden |
Product images
Isolation Valve, Manifold UNI
| Product name | Isolation Valve, Manifold UNI |
|---|---|
| Product identification | 29916 |
| Product description | Isolation ball valves manufactured from dezincification resistant brass in various dimensions.Knobs in blue and red to indicate cold and warm water.Production takes place in Lumezzane, Italy, consisting of casting or hot forging, and then machining to final dimensions. The parts are finished by cleaning, surface treatment and packaging.Values correspond to product number 1882565, which has been selected as the representative product since it accounts for more than 20% of the total sales volume for the product group and contains the widest range of materials.Recycled materials:Brass - 97%Climate impact from recycled material/materials is/areBrass:2,04 kg CO2 eq. per kg (GWP-GHG)Climate impact from the energy mix in production is 0,618 kg CO2 eq. per kWh (GWP-GHG). |
| Technical purpose of product | Easy-to-install systems for heating and tap water distribution |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The manufacturing process includes the manufacturing of the raw materials used for the final product. After the manufacturing of the product is completed, it is packed in product specific packaging, which is then stacked on a pallet and then transported to the warehouse. The production process flow contains the same or similar steps in all manufacturing locations for each material. See product information for detailed production process. |
| Material properties | Mass per piece: 0.018 kg/piece
Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 Mass per piece: 0.018 kg/piece Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | LK Systems AB LK Systems AB 25065 Lumezzane Italy |
| UN CPC code | 41516. Tubes, pipes and tube or pipe fittings, of copper |
| Geographical scope | Sweden |
Product images
Control valve 662 2-ways, 1" m
| Product name | Control valve 662 2-ways, 1" m |
|---|---|
| Product identification | 33302 |
| Product description | Isolation ball valves manufactured from dezincification resistant brass in various dimensions.Knobs in blue and red to indicate cold and warm water.Production takes place in Lumezzane, Italy, consisting of casting or hot forging, and then machining to final dimensions. The parts are finished by cleaning, surface treatment and packaging.Values correspond to product number 1882565, which has been selected as the representative product since it accounts for more than 20% of the total sales volume for the product group and contains the widest range of materials.Recycled materials:Brass - 97%Climate impact from recycled material/materials is/areBrass:2,04 kg CO2 eq. per kg (GWP-GHG)Climate impact from the energy mix in production is 0,618 kg CO2 eq. per kWh (GWP-GHG). |
| Technical purpose of product | Easy-to-install systems for heating and tap water distribution |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The manufacturing process includes the manufacturing of the raw materials used for the final product. After the manufacturing of the product is completed, it is packed in product specific packaging, which is then stacked on a pallet and then transported to the warehouse. The production process flow contains the same or similar steps in all manufacturing locations for each material. See product information for detailed production process. |
| Material properties | Mass per piece: 0.3 kg/piece
Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 Mass per piece: 0.3 kg/piece Volumetric mass density: 1862 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | LK Systems AB LK Systems AB 25065 Lumezzane Italy |
| UN CPC code | 41516. Tubes, pipes and tube or pipe fittings, of copper |
| Geographical scope | Sweden |
Product images
Content declaration
| Content declaration of multiple products | The content is based on the representative product. For more information, see product description. |
|---|---|
| Hazardous and toxic substances | The product does not contain any substances from the SVHC candidate list in concentrations exceeding 0.1% of its weight. |
Product content
| Content name | Mass, kg | Post-consumer recycled material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synthetic rubber | 0.001 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Brass | 0.905 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Steel | 0.015 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PTFE | 0.011 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aluminium | 0.068 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | |||
Packaging materials
| Material name | Mass, kg | Mass-% (versus the product) | Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plastic | 0.1 | 10 | 0 |
| Pallet | 0.002 | 0.2 | 0.001 |
| Cardboard box | 0.1 | 10 | 0.05 |
| Total | 0.202 | 20.2 | 0.051 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | ||
LCA information
| EPD based on declared or functional unit | Declared unit |
|---|---|
| Declared unit and reference flow | LK Ball Valves 427, 434 and 827 Mass: 1 kg |
| Conversion factor to mass | 1 |
| Are infrastructure or capital goods included in any upstream, core or downstream processes? | |
| Do infrastructure and capital goods contribute more than 10% to the A1-A3 (A1-A5 for services) results of any environmental impact indicator declared in the EPD? | |
| Datasources used for this EPD | ecoinvent database (general) ecoinvent 3.10 database |
| LCA Software | SimaPro 10.3 |
| Additional information about the underlying LCA-based information | Data is allocated for the energy use of the declared unit based on regular production rate. The raw materials necessary for manufacturing and the amount of packaging allocated to the product are based on the amount of material used to manufacture the declared unit, including waste. Allocation for recycled materials Recycled brass contain recycled copper (preconsumer scrap from copper anode). This copper is allocated as a by-product. Recycled bronze is post-consumer and all activities treating the products is included as well as transport to the treating facility or losses. Recycled PE contain recycled granulate. All activities treating the products is included as well as transport to the treating facility or losses are also accounted. Used Ecoinvent processes 3.10, Cut off: “ Metal part of electronics scrap, in copper, anode, market for metal part of electronics scrap, in copper, anode, Global” , “Bronze scrap, post-consumer, market for bronze scrap, post-consumer, Global and “market for polyethylene, high density, granulate, recycled, India”. This EPD is generated with a fully pre-verified EPD tool. All processes are fixed and variable input data for each product governed by a menu. The review of the EPD-generator its constituent processes and the fixed content of the EPD is accepted based on the verification of the tool and the first EPD verification by the tool. Identification name and version number of the EPD-generator: EPD-generator 4.0.0 – LK Systems. |
| Version of the EN 15804 reference package | EF Reference Package 3.1 |
| Characterisation methods | EN 15804 reference package based on EF 3.1 has been used. |
| Technology description including background system | The raw materials in A1 are brass, aluminium, plastics etc. These main materials can be used in different combinations in the production. The transport distance in A2 is fixed and the transports are mainly made with trucks. In A3, the components are manufactured and assembled into complete systems for heating and tap water distribution, packed in product specific packaging and then transported to the warehouse. |
| Scrap (recycled material) inputs contribution level | Less than 10% of the GWP-GHG results in modules A1-A3 come from scrap inputs |
Data quality assessment
| Description of data quality assessment and reference years | When modeling in Simapro, Ecoinvent data (updated November 2024) has been used for secondary data. The database is considered to be of high quality. Primary data are related to amount of energy, transportation and direct emission used throughout module A1-A3. Other Indata gathered from the actual manufacturing plant with product-specific processes, specific amounts, specific waste, and spillage %, specific energy mix, specific transportation distances and transportation type and EPD’s from some of the suppliers are primary data. Primary data are collected directly from supplier and production site. The reference year is 2023. |
|---|
Data quality assessment
| Process name | Source type | Source | Reference year | Data category | Share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manufacturing of product, inclusive generation of electricity used in manufacturing of product | Collected data & Databases | EPD Owner & Ecoinvent v 3.10 | 2023 | Primary data | 14% |
| Transport of materials & packaging to manufacturing site | Collected data & Databases | EPD Owner & Ecoinvent v 3.10 | 2023 | Primary data | 0% |
| Production of ingoing materials and packaging | EPDs & Databases | EPDs (confidential) & Ecoinvent v 3.10 | < 5 years old | Primary data, secondary data | 0% |
| Total share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 | 14% | ||||
| The share of primary data is calculated based on GWP-GHG results. It is a simplified indicator for data quality that supports the use of more primary data to increase the representativeness of and comparability between EPDs. Note that the indicator does not capture all relevant aspects of data quality and is not comparable across product categories. | |||||
Electricity data
| Electricity used in the manufacturing process in A3 (A5 for services) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type of electricity mix | Specific electricity mix as generated, or purchased from an electricity supplier, demonstrated by a contractual instrument | |
| Energy sources | Hydro | 1% |
| Wind | 1% | |
| Solar | 8% | |
| Biomass | 0% | |
| Geothermal | 0% | |
| Waste | 0% | |
| Nuclear | 5% | |
| Natural gas | 68% | |
| Coal | 9% | |
| Oil | 1% | |
| Peat | 0% | |
| Other | 7% | |
| GWP-GHG intensity (kg CO2 eq./kWh) | 0.62 kg CO2 eq./kWh | |
System boundary
| Description of the system boundary | b) Cradle to gate with options, modules C1-C4, module D and with optional modules (A1-A3 + C + D and additional modules). |
|---|---|
| Excluded modules | No, there is no excluded module, or there are no excluded modules |
Declared modules
| Product stage | Construction process stage | Use stage | End of life stage | Beyond product life cycle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Raw material supply | Transport | Manufacturing | Transport to site | Construction installation | Use | Maintenance | Repair | Replacement | Refurbishment | Operational energy use | Operational water use | De-construction demolition | Transport | Waste processing | Disposal | Reuse-Recovery-Recycling-potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Module | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modules declared | X | X | X | X | X | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geography | Europe | Europe | Europe | Sweden | Sweden | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Sweden | Sweden | Sweden | Sweden | Sweden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share of specific data | 14% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - products | 9% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - sites | 0% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer | The share of specific/primary data and both variations (products and sites) refer to GWP-GHG results only. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Process flow diagram(s) related images
Default scenario
| Name of the default scenario | Material and energy recycling and landfill |
|---|---|
| Description of the default scenario | The waste treatment assumption has led to the product being either incinerated for energy recovery, recycled for material use, or disposed of in a landfill |
Module A4: Transport to the building site
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module A4 | Transport to construction |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module A4 | Transport to construction site |
| Description of the default scenario in module A4 | Transport to construction site. The distance can vary between products and is stated under Product description. |
Module A5: Installation in the building
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module A5 | Installation |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module A5 | Installation site |
| Description of the default scenario in module A5 | It is assumed that there are no environmental aspects during the installation of the product, except for the waste management of the packaging after installation. |
Module C: End-of-life
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module C | Module C1-C4 |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module C | Landfill, energy and material recycling |
| Description of the default scenario in module C | The used product is assumed to be transported to a waste treatment site with a distance of 80 km for material recovery and landfill and 130 km for incineration. The waste treatment assumption has led to the product being either incinerated for energy recovery, recycled for material use, or disposed of in a landfill. The information regarding waste management is based on a Switzerland's study and this study is comparable to Swedish conditions. The following assumptions has been made: - Cardboard is material recycled at 78% and the rest is incinerated for energy recovery. - Plastics are material recycled at 13% and the rest are incinerated for energy recovery. - Metals are material recycled at 95% and the rest are disposed of in a landfill. - Other materials are either incinerated for energy recovery or disposed of in a landfill at 100%. - Energy efficiency in municipal incinerator is 61%. The energy use in C1 is assumed to be 1.11 kWh/tonne according to PCR 2019:14 version 2.0.1. |
Module D: Beyond product life cycle
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module D | Module D |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module D | Recycling and incineration |
| Description of the default scenario in module D | For calculations in Module D following assumptions have been made: The recycled materials are replacing production of primary materials. Module D also contains benefits from exported energy from waste incineration declared in module C. Exported energy assumed to be 77 % heat and 23 % electricity from incineration. |
Environmental performance
The estimated impact results are only relative statements, which do not indicate the endpoints of the impact categories, exceeding threshold values, safety margins and/or risks.
Mandatory environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | 6.62E+0 | 5.05E-1 | 1.85E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.97E-4 | 2.61E-1 | 8.72E-2 | 3.09E-4 | -8.63E-1 |
| Climate change - fossil | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | 6.55E+0 | 5.05E-1 | 2.25E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.97E-4 | 2.60E-1 | 5.85E-2 | 3.09E-4 | -8.52E-1 |
| Climate change - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | 5.67E-2 | 3.49E-4 | 1.63E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.34E-8 | 1.80E-4 | 2.87E-2 | 4.26E-8 | 0.00E+0 |
| Climate change - land use and land-use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | 1.98E-2 | 1.68E-4 | 3.49E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.45E-8 | 8.64E-5 | 1.07E-5 | 1.59E-7 | -1.15E-2 |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | 3.87E-5 | 1.00E-8 | 1.53E-10 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.07E-12 | 5.18E-9 | 2.30E-10 | 8.93E-12 | -4.43E-6 |
| Acidification | AP | mol H+ eq. | 4.13E-2 | 1.06E-3 | 6.84E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.58E-6 | 5.42E-4 | 1.16E-4 | 2.19E-6 | -1.19E-2 |
| Eutrophication aquatic freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | 3.40E-3 | 3.42E-5 | 2.07E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.16E-8 | 1.76E-5 | 5.44E-6 | 2.57E-8 | -9.83E-4 |
| Eutrophication aquatic marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | 6.63E-3 | 2.54E-4 | 3.59E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.66E-6 | 1.30E-4 | 3.48E-5 | 8.34E-7 | -1.01E-3 |
| Eutrophication terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | 7.14E-2 | 2.74E-3 | 3.18E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.82E-5 | 1.41E-3 | 3.81E-4 | 9.11E-6 | -1.10E-2 |
| Photochemical ozone formation | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | 2.33E-2 | 1.75E-3 | 8.77E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.42E-6 | 9.01E-4 | 1.12E-4 | 3.26E-6 | -3.77E-3 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metals | ADP-minerals&metals1, 2 | kg Sb eq. | 1.03E-3 | 1.64E-6 | 3.37E-8 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.42E-10 | 8.47E-7 | 4.11E-7 | 4.83E-10 | -1.26E-4 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuels | ADP-fossil1 | MJ, net calorific value | 2.41E+1 | 5.90E-1 | 1.82E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.10E-4 | 3.04E-1 | 8.26E-2 | 4.69E-4 | -4.82E+0 |
| Water use | WDP1 | m3 world eq. deprived | 3.48E+0 | 3.99E-2 | 1.24E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.52E-5 | 2.06E-2 | 1.42E-2 | 3.37E-4 | -1.03E+0 |
| Acronyms | GWP-fossil = Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic = Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-marine = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential, Accumulated Exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-minerals&metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Abiotic depletion for fossil resources potential; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted water consumption | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 2 | The results of the impact categories abiotic depletion of minerals and metals may be highly uncertain in LCAs that include capital goods/infrastructure in generic datasets, in case infrastructure/capital goods contribute greatly to the total results. This is because the LCI data of infrastructure/capital goods used to quantify these indicators in currently available generic datasets sometimes lack temporal, technological and geographical representativeness. Caution should be exercised when using the results of these indicators for decision-making purposes. | ||||||||||||||||
Additional mandatory environmental performance indicators
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - GWP-GHG | GWP-GHG1 | kg CO2 eq. | 6.59E+0 | 5.05E-1 | 2.25E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.97E-4 | 2.60E-1 | 5.88E-2 | 3.09E-4 | -8.68E-1 |
| Acronyms | GWP-GHG = Global warming potential greenhouse gas. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The GWP-GHG indicator is termed GWP-IOBC/GHG in the ILCD+EPD+ data format. The indicator accounts for all greenhouse gases except biogenic carbon dioxide uptake and emissions and biogenic carbon stored in the product. As such, the indicator is identical to GWP-total except that the CF for biogenic CO2 is set to zero. | ||||||||||||||||
Additional voluntary environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Particulate matter emissions | PM | Disease incidence | 2.35E-7 | 3.71E-8 | 1.19E-9 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.02E-10 | 1.92E-8 | 1.79E-9 | 4.98E-11 | -5.86E-8 |
| Ionizing radiation - human health | IRP1 | kBq U235 eq. | 5.41E-1 | 9.20E-3 | 3.69E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.33E-6 | 4.75E-3 | 2.91E-3 | 4.83E-6 | -1.49E-1 |
| Eco-toxicity - freshwater | ETP-fw2, 3 | CTUe | 2.62E+2 | 1.93E+0 | 5.17E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.36E-4 | 9.97E-1 | 2.79E-1 | 1.04E-3 | -1.65E+1 |
| Human toxicity - cancer effects | HTP-c2, 3 | CTUh | 3.68E-8 | 3.58E-9 | 9.29E-11 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.55E-12 | 1.85E-9 | 2.96E-10 | 1.40E-12 | -4.87E-9 |
| Human toxicity - non-cancer effects | HTP-nc2, 3 | CTUh | 3.96E-7 | 4.46E-9 | 6.44E-10 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.42E-13 | 2.30E-9 | 6.65E-10 | 1.29E-12 | -9.84E-8 |
| Land-use related impacts/soil quality | SQP2, 3 | Dimensionless | 2.76E+1 | 4.29E+0 | 4.95E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.65E-4 | 2.21E+0 | 9.23E-1 | 1.49E-2 | -4.01E+0 |
| Acronyms | PM = Potential incidence of disease due to particulate matter emissions; IRP = Potential human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems; HTP-c = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; HTP-nc = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; SQP = Potential soil quality index. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 2 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 3 | The results of the impact categories land use, human toxicity (cancer), human toxicity, noncancer and ecotoxicity (freshwater) may be highly uncertain in LCAs that include capital goods/infrastructure in generic datasets, in case infrastructure/capital goods contribute greatly to the total results. This is because the LCI data of infrastructure/capital goods used to quantify these indicators in currently available generic datasets sometimes lack temporal, technological and geographical representativeness. Caution should be exercised when using the results of these indicators for decision-making purposes. | ||||||||||||||||
Resource use indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERE | MJ, net calorific value | 9.37E+0 | 1.22E-1 | 6.81E-3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.19E-5 | 6.29E-2 | 8.23E-2 | 7.03E-5 | -3.46E+0 |
| PERM | MJ, net calorific value | 1.48E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -1.45E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| PERT | MJ, net calorific value | 1.09E+1 | 1.22E-1 | -1.44E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.19E-5 | 6.29E-2 | 8.23E-2 | 7.03E-5 | -3.46E+0 |
| PENRE | MJ, net calorific value | 2.51E+1 | 6.16E-1 | 1.89E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.20E-4 | 3.18E-1 | 8.45E-2 | 4.91E-4 | -5.01E+0 |
| PENRM | MJ, net calorific value | 4.29E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -4.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -1.50E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| PENRT | MJ, net calorific value | 2.94E+1 | 6.16E-1 | -3.98E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.20E-4 | 3.18E-1 | -6.55E-2 | 4.91E-4 | -5.01E+0 |
| SM | kg | 1.31E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| RSF | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| NRSF | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| FW | m3 | 1.37E-1 | 1.44E-3 | 6.19E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.20E-7 | 7.46E-4 | 5.09E-4 | 8.41E-6 | -3.47E-2 |
| Acronyms | PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy re-sources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Waste indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HWD | kg | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| NHWD | kg | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| RWD | kg | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | HWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Output flow indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRU | kg | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MFR | kg | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 9.10E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 9.40E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MER | kg | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| EEE | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 5.57E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.83E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| EET | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.87E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 6.13E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | CRU = Components for re-use; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EEE = Exported electrical energy; EET = Exported thermal energy. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Results of an alternative modelling approach
| Description of the scenario/method | 100% of production go to energy or material recycling for module C. |
|---|
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - fossil | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | 6.55E+0 | 5.05E-1 | 2.25E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.97E-4 | 1.52E-2 | 3.96E-2 | 0.00E+0 | -5.85E+0 |
| Climate change - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | 5.67E-2 | 3.49E-4 | 1.63E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.34E-8 | 1.05E-5 | 3.02E-2 | 0.00E+0 | -3.81E-2 |
| Climate change - land use and land-use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | 1.98E-2 | 1.68E-4 | 3.49E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.45E-8 | 5.05E-6 | 1.36E-5 | 0.00E+0 | -9.64E-3 |
| Climate change - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | 6.62E+0 | 5.05E-1 | 1.85E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.97E-4 | 1.52E-2 | 6.98E-2 | 0.00E+0 | -5.90E+0 |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | 3.87E-5 | 1.00E-8 | 1.53E-10 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.07E-12 | 3.02E-10 | 2.84E-10 | 0.00E+0 | -6.97E-8 |
| Acidification | AP | mol H+ eq. | 4.13E-2 | 1.06E-3 | 6.84E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.58E-6 | 3.17E-5 | 1.27E-4 | 0.00E+0 | -3.07E-1 |
| Eutrophication aquatic freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | 3.40E-3 | 3.42E-5 | 2.07E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.16E-8 | 1.03E-6 | 6.20E-6 | 0.00E+0 | -2.44E-2 |
| Eutrophication aquatic marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | 6.63E-3 | 2.54E-4 | 3.59E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.66E-6 | 7.61E-6 | 3.79E-5 | 0.00E+0 | -1.74E-2 |
| Eutrophication terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | 7.14E-2 | 2.74E-3 | 3.18E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.82E-5 | 8.21E-5 | 4.08E-4 | 0.00E+0 | -2.33E-1 |
| Photochemical ozone formation | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | 2.33E-2 | 1.75E-3 | 8.77E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.42E-6 | 5.26E-5 | 1.25E-4 | 0.00E+0 | -6.72E-2 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metals | ADP-minerals&metals | kg Sb eq. | 1.03E-3 | 1.64E-6 | 3.37E-8 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.42E-10 | 4.95E-8 | 4.48E-7 | 0.00E+0 | -4.37E-3 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuels | ADP-fossil | MJ, net calorific value | 2.41E+1 | 5.90E-1 | 1.82E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.10E-4 | 1.78E-2 | 9.53E-2 | 0.00E+0 | -3.45E+1 |
| Water use | WDP | m3 world eq. deprived | 3.48E+0 | 3.99E-2 | 1.24E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.52E-5 | 1.20E-3 | 1.44E-2 | 0.00E+0 | -5.75E+0 |
| Acronyms | |||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimers | |||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
Results of an alternative modelling approach
| Description of the scenario/method | 100% of the product go to landfill in module C. |
|---|
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - fossil | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | 6.55E+0 | 5.05E-1 | 2.25E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.97E-4 | 1.52E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 6.80E-3 | 0.00E+0 |
| Climate change - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | 5.67E-2 | 3.49E-4 | 1.63E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.34E-8 | 1.05E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 1.63E-5 | 0.00E+0 |
| Climate change - land use and land-use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | 1.98E-2 | 1.68E-4 | 3.49E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.45E-8 | 5.05E-6 | 0.00E+0 | 9.51E-7 | 0.00E+0 |
| Climate change - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | 6.62E+0 | 5.05E-1 | 1.85E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.97E-4 | 1.52E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 6.82E-3 | 0.00E+0 |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | 3.87E-5 | 1.00E-8 | 1.53E-10 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.07E-12 | 3.02E-10 | 0.00E+0 | 2.21E-10 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acidification | AP | mol H+ eq. | 4.13E-2 | 1.06E-3 | 6.84E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.58E-6 | 3.17E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 3.70E-5 | 0.00E+0 |
| Eutrophication aquatic freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | 3.40E-3 | 3.42E-5 | 2.07E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.16E-8 | 1.03E-6 | 0.00E+0 | 2.73E-7 | 0.00E+0 |
| Eutrophication aquatic marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | 6.63E-3 | 2.54E-4 | 3.59E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.66E-6 | 7.61E-6 | 0.00E+0 | 4.20E-5 | 0.00E+0 |
| Eutrophication terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | 7.14E-2 | 2.74E-3 | 3.18E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.82E-5 | 8.21E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 1.73E-4 | 0.00E+0 |
| Photochemical ozone formation | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | 2.33E-2 | 1.75E-3 | 8.77E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.42E-6 | 5.26E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 7.00E-5 | 0.00E+0 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metals | ADP-minerals&metals | kg Sb eq. | 1.03E-3 | 1.64E-6 | 3.37E-8 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.42E-10 | 4.95E-8 | 0.00E+0 | 7.57E-9 | 0.00E+0 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuels | ADP-fossil | MJ, net calorific value | 2.41E+1 | 5.90E-1 | 1.82E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.10E-4 | 1.78E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 5.77E-3 | 0.00E+0 |
| Water use | WDP | m3 world eq. deprived | 3.48E+0 | 3.99E-2 | 1.24E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.52E-5 | 1.20E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 4.73E-3 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | |||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimers | |||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
Information related to EPDs of multiple products
| Justification for why this is representative | The representative product has been selected since it accounts for the majority of the total sales volume for the product group. |
|---|
Abbreviations
EN European Norm (Standard)
EF Environmental Footprint
ISO International Organization for Standardization
PCR Product Category Rules
c-PCR Complementary Product Category Rules
CAS No. Chemical Abstracts Service Number
CEN European Committee for Standardization
CLC Co-location centre
CPC Central product classification
GHS Globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals
MJ Megajoule
NMVOC Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds
Sb eq. Antimony Equivalents
P eq. Phosphorus Equivalents
N eq. Nitrogen Equivalents
CFC-11 eq. Chlorofluorocarbon-11 Equivalents
CO₂ eq. Carbon Dioxide Equivalents
kg C Kilograms of Carbon
kg CO₂ eq. Kilograms of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
ND Not Declared
References
Ecoinvent (2023), Ecoinvent 3.10, available database in SimaPro version 9.4.0.2 Multi User, https://support.ecoinvent.org/ecoinvent-version-3.10 [Referenced: 2025-04-10]
EPD International (2025). General Programme Instructions for the International EPD® System.
Version 5.0.1. www.environdec.com.
EPD International (2025). PCR 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804:A2). Version 2.0.1.
www.environdec.com.
SIS (2021). EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, “Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Core rules for the product category of construction products”. Svenska Institutet för Standarder
EN ISO 14025:2010 Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles and procedures, Edited in 2010
EN ISO 14040:2006 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework, 2006.
EN ISO 14044:2006 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines, 2006.
PRé Consultants, “SimaPro flow, Ecoinvent 3.9.1”http://www.pre-sustainability.com/simapro
Ecoinvent, ‘Ecoinvent’ <https://www.ecoinvent.org/database/database.html>
Tyréns (2024), Rapport, LCA-report EPD-generator – LK Systems, 2024-12-11. With Appendix PCR 2.0.1 (2025-05-06)
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Version history
Original Version of the EPD, 2026-05-01