General information
| EPD Owner | Amorim Cork Solutions |
|---|---|
| Registration number | EPD-IES-0031046:001 |
| EPD type | EPD of multiple products based on a representative product |
| Status | Valid |
| Version date | 2026-05-08 |
| Validity date | 2031-05-08 |
| Standards conformance | ISO 14025:2006, EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021 |
| Geographical scope | Europe |
| An EPD may be updated or depublished if conditions change. This is the latest version of the EPD. | |
Programme information
| Programme | International EPD System |
|---|---|
| Address | EPD International AB Box 210 60 SE-100 31 Stockholm Sweden |
| Website | www.environdec.com |
| support@environdec.com |
Product category rules
| CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the Core Product Category Rules (PCR) | |
| Product Category Rules (PCR) | 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) (version 2.0.1) 2.0.1 |
|---|---|
| PCR review was conducted by | The Technical Committee of the International EPD System. See www.environdec.com for a list of members. Review chair: Rob Rouwette (chair), Noa Meron (co-chair). The review panel may be contacted via the Secretariat www.environdec.com/support. |
Verification
| Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006, via | |
|---|---|
| Third-party verifier | Elisabet Amat (Greenize Projects S.L.) |
| Approved by | The International EPD® System |
| Procedure for follow-up of data during EPD validity involves third party verifier | |
| *EPD Process Certification involves an accredited certification body certifying and periodically auditing the EPD process and conducting external and independent verification of EPDs that are regularly published. More information can be found in the General Programme Instructions on www.environdec.com. | |
Ownership and limitation on use of EPD
Limitations
EPDs within the same product category but published in different EPD programmes, may not be comparable. For two EPDs to be comparable, they shall be based on the same PCR (including the same first-digit version number) or be based on fully aligned PCRs or versions of PCRs; cover products with identical functions, technical performances and use (e.g. identical declared/functional units); have identical scope in terms of included life-cycle stages (unless the excluded life-cycle stage is demonstrated to be insignificant); apply identical impact assessment methods (including the same version of characterisation factors); and be valid at the time of comparison.
Ownership
The EPD Owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD.
Information about EPD Owner
| EPD Owner | Amorim Cork Solutions |
|---|---|
| Contact person name | João Queirós |
| Contact person e-mail | info.as@amorim.com |
| Organisation address | Portugal Mozelos, Santa Maria da Feira 4535-186 Rua Comendador Américo Ferreira Amorim, 260 |
| LCA Practitioner | mariaines.santos@itecons.uc.pt, mariaines.santos@itecons.uc.pt |
Description of the organisation of the EPD Owner
At Amorim Cork Solutions, we develop solutions that incorporate high-performance cork composites, combining innovation and sustainability. We reuse cork - a 100% natural, renewable and recyclable raw material - to develop ground-breaking solutions for various industries such as aerospace, maritime, mobility, sealing, energy, construction, flooring, sports surfaces, playgrounds, toys, home, office and leisure. Each product we create represents a strategic response to current market needs and our commitment to sustainability. At Amorim Cork Solutions, each innovation reinforces the promise of a future where nature and technology coexist in perfect harmony. ACS favors innovation projects that enhance the added value of its products, the safety of people and goods, as well as efficiency in all its aspects. Within the scope of its sustainability strategy, ACS assumes the following environmental management commitments, as well as compliance with legal compliance obligations or others: “We assess the environmental aspects of our activities, with the aim of protecting the Environment, adopting practices that potentiate the prevention of pollution, as well as the improvement of our environmental performance.” The sustainability of the business involves the integration in the strategic planning of the different aspects of management, which is why the approach to Quality, Environment, Safety, Energy, Forestry Chain of Custody and System code Management is carried out in an integrated manner in the ACS management system. ACS has a management system that integrates the different normative references: • Quality according to the NP EN ISO 9001 standard; • Environment according to the NP EN ISO 14001 standard; • Security according to the ISO 450001 standard; • Energy according to the NP EN ISO 50001 standard • Forest sustainability (chain of custody) according to Standard FSC-STD-40-004; • Forest sustainability (chain of custody) According to Norm PEFC ST 2002. The management system, its planning, revision and improvement, is carried out in accordance with the methodology of the PR 101 process - Strategic Management.
Organisation logo
Product information
Corkeen 50mm
| Product name | Corkeen 50mm |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Playground surface system with 50mm of thickness. |
| Product description | Corkeen is a shock absorption surfacing system made from cork and a polyurethane binder, developed by Amorim Cork Solutions (ACS). Due to cork characteristics, Corkeen is characterized by high impact absorption, high drainage capacity and lower surface temperatures than comparable materials, providing a safe and stable solution for playgrounds. |
| Product information from external sources | https://corkeen.com/en/ |
| Technical purpose of product | Corkeen functions as an impact absorption surface for playgrounds, where safety of children is key. Corkeen offers a range of thicknesses to comply with CFH (Critical Fall Height) requirements of that market. Cork properties not only are the basis for the shock absorption function but also contribute to other key characteristics of the system, such as high drainage capacity and low surface temperatures, resulting in a safe, comfortable and reliable solution for playgrounds. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The manufacturing process includes the following processes: cork grinding, mixing (top layer only), drying (top layer only), and packaging |
| Material properties | Area density: 8.16 kg/m2
Thickness: 0.05 m Area density: 8.16 kg/m2 Thickness: 0.05 m |
| Manufacturing site | Amorim Cork Solutions, S.A. Portugal Mozelos, Santa Maria da Feira 4535-186 Rua Comendador Américo Ferreira Amorim, 260 |
| UN CPC code | 31922. Articles of natural cork; agglomerated cork and articles thereof |
| Geographical scope | Europe |
| Actual or technical lifespan | 20 year(s) |
Product images
Corkeen 40mm
| Product name | Corkeen 40mm |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Playground surface system with 40mm of thickness. |
| Product description | Corkeen is a shock absorption surfacing system made from cork and a polyurethane binder, developed by Amorim Cork Solutions (ACS). Due to cork characteristics, Corkeen is characterized by high impact absorption, high drainage capacity and lower surface temperatures than comparable materials, providing a safe and stable solution for playgrounds. |
| Product information from external sources | https://corkeen.com/en/ |
| Technical purpose of product | Corkeen functions as an impact absorption surface for playgrounds, where safety of children is key. Corkeen offers a range of thicknesses to comply with CFH (Critical Fall Height) requirements of that market. Cork properties not only are the basis for the shock absorption function but also contribute to other key characteristics of the system, such as high drainage capacity and low surface temperatures, resulting in a safe, comfortable and reliable solution for playgrounds. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The manufacturing process includes the following processes: cork grinding, mixing (top layer only), drying (top layer only), and packaging |
| Material properties | Area density: 7.11 kg/m2
Thickness: 0.04 m Area density: 7.11 kg/m2 Thickness: 0.04 m |
| Manufacturing site | Amorim Cork Solutions, S.A. Portugal Mozelos, Santa Maria da Feira 4535-186 Rua Comendador Américo Ferreira Amorim, 260 |
| UN CPC code | 31922. Articles of natural cork; agglomerated cork and articles thereof |
| Geographical scope | Europe |
| Actual or technical lifespan | 20 year(s) |
Product images
Corkeen 70mm
| Product name | Corkeen 70mm |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Playground surface system with 70mm of thickness. |
| Product description | Corkeen is a shock absorption surfacing system made from cork and a polyurethane binder, developed by Amorim Cork Solutions (ACS). Due to cork characteristics, Corkeen is characterized by high impact absorption, high drainage capacity and lower surface temperatures than comparable materials, providing a safe and stable solution for playgrounds. |
| Product information from external sources | https://corkeen.com/en/ |
| Technical purpose of product | Corkeen functions as an impact absorption surface for playgrounds, where safety of children is key. Corkeen offers a range of thicknesses to comply with CFH (Critical Fall Height) requirements of that market. Cork properties not only are the basis for the shock absorption function but also contribute to other key characteristics of the system, such as high drainage capacity and low surface temperatures, resulting in a safe, comfortable and reliable solution for playgrounds. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The manufacturing process includes the following processes: cork grinding, mixing (top layer only), drying (top layer only), and packaging |
| Material properties | Area density: 10.36 kg/m2
Thickness: 0.07 m Area density: 10.36 kg/m2 Thickness: 0.07 m |
| Manufacturing site | Amorim Cork Solutions, S.A. Portugal Mozelos, Santa Maria da Feira 4535-186 Rua Comendador Américo Ferreira Amorim, 260 |
| UN CPC code | 31922. Articles of natural cork; agglomerated cork and articles thereof |
| Geographical scope | Europe |
| Actual or technical lifespan | 20 year(s) |
Product images
Corkeen 90mm
| Product name | Corkeen 90mm |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Playground surface system with 90mm of thickness. |
| Product description | Corkeen is a shock absorption surfacing system made from cork and a polyurethane binder, developed by Amorim Cork Solutions (ACS). Due to cork characteristics, Corkeen is characterized by high impact absorption, high drainage capacity and lower surface temperatures than comparable materials, providing a safe and stable solution for playgrounds. |
| Product information from external sources | https://corkeen.com/en/ |
| Technical purpose of product | Corkeen functions as an impact absorption surface for playgrounds, where safety of children is key. Corkeen offers a range of thicknesses to comply with CFH (Critical Fall Height) requirements of that market. Cork properties not only are the basis for the shock absorption function but also contribute to other key characteristics of the system, such as high drainage capacity and low surface temperatures, resulting in a safe, comfortable and reliable solution for playgrounds. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The manufacturing process includes the following processes: cork grinding, mixing (top layer only), drying (top layer only), and packaging |
| Material properties | Area density: 12.53 kg/m2
Thickness: 0.07 m Area density: 12.53 kg/m2 Thickness: 0.07 m |
| Manufacturing site | Amorim Cork Solutions, S.A. Portugal Mozelos, Santa Maria da Feira 4535-186 Rua Comendador Américo Ferreira Amorim, 260 |
| UN CPC code | 31922. Articles of natural cork; agglomerated cork and articles thereof |
| Geographical scope | Europe |
| Actual or technical lifespan | 20 year(s) |
Product images
Corkeen 110mm
| Product name | Corkeen 110mm |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Playground surface system with 110mm of thickness. |
| Product description | Corkeen is a shock absorption surfacing system made from cork and a polyurethane binder, developed by Amorim Cork Solutions (ACS). Due to cork characteristics, Corkeen is characterized by high impact absorption, high drainage capacity and lower surface temperatures than comparable materials, providing a safe and stable solution for playgrounds. |
| Product information from external sources | https://corkeen.com/en/ |
| Technical purpose of product | Corkeen functions as an impact absorption surface for playgrounds, where safety of children is key. Corkeen offers a range of thicknesses to comply with CFH (Critical Fall Height) requirements of that market. Cork properties not only are the basis for the shock absorption function but also contribute to other key characteristics of the system, such as high drainage capacity and low surface temperatures, resulting in a safe, comfortable and reliable solution for playgrounds. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The manufacturing process includes the following processes: cork grinding, mixing (top layer only), drying (top layer only), and packaging |
| Material properties | Area density: 14.67 kg/m2
Thickness: 0.11 m Area density: 14.67 kg/m2 Thickness: 0.11 m |
| Manufacturing site | Amorim Cork Solutions, S.A. Portugal Mozelos, Santa Maria da Feira 4535-186 Rua Comendador Américo Ferreira Amorim, 260 |
| UN CPC code | 31922. Articles of natural cork; agglomerated cork and articles thereof |
| Geographical scope | Europe |
| Actual or technical lifespan | 20 year(s) |
Product images
Corkeen 135mm
| Product name | Corkeen 135mm |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Playground surface system with 135mm of thickness. |
| Product description | Corkeen is a shock absorption surfacing system made from cork and a polyurethane binder, developed by Amorim Cork Solutions (ACS). Due to cork characteristics, Corkeen is characterized by high impact absorption, high drainage capacity and lower surface temperatures than comparable materials, providing a safe and stable solution for playgrounds. |
| Product information from external sources | https://corkeen.com/en/ |
| Technical purpose of product | Corkeen functions as an impact absorption surface for playgrounds, where safety of children is key. Corkeen offers a range of thicknesses to comply with CFH (Critical Fall Height) requirements of that market. Cork properties not only are the basis for the shock absorption function but also contribute to other key characteristics of the system, such as high drainage capacity and low surface temperatures, resulting in a safe, comfortable and reliable solution for playgrounds. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The manufacturing process includes the following processes: cork grinding, mixing (top layer only), drying (top layer only), and packaging |
| Material properties | Area density: 17.19 kg/m2
Thickness: 0.135 m Area density: 17.19 kg/m2 Thickness: 0.135 m |
| Manufacturing site | Amorim Cork Solutions, S.A. Portugal Mozelos, Santa Maria da Feira 4535-186 Rua Comendador Américo Ferreira Amorim, 260 |
| UN CPC code | 31922. Articles of natural cork; agglomerated cork and articles thereof |
| Geographical scope | Europe |
| Actual or technical lifespan | 20 year(s) |
Product images
Technical characteristics and performance
Technical performance
| Product name | Area density (kg/m2) | thickness (mm) |
|---|---|---|
| Corkeen 50mm | 8.16 | 50 |
| Corkeen 40mm | 7.11 | 40 |
| Corkeen 70mm | 10.36 | 70 |
| Corkeen 90mm | 12.53 | 90 |
| Corkeen 110mm | 14.67 | 110 |
| Corkeen 135mm | 17.19 | 135 |
Content declaration
| Content declaration of multiple products | Representative product | Corkeen 50mm |
|---|---|
| Hazardous and toxic substances | The product does not contain any substances from the SVHC candidate list in concentrations exceeding 0.1% of its weight. |
Product content
| Content name | Mass, kg | Post-consumer recycled material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cork | 4.07 | 1.61 | 100 | 2.27 |
| Binder | 4.09 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 8.16 | 1.61 | 100 | 2.27 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | |||
Packaging materials
| Material name | Mass, kg | Mass-% (versus the product) | Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Big Bag | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0 |
| Polypropylene plastic strap | 0.0001 | 0.001 | 0 |
| Paper bag | 0.054 | 0.663 | 0.02 |
| Plastic film | 0.003 | 0.035 | 0 |
| Wooden pallet | 0.57 | 6.958 | 0.23 |
| IBC | 0.07 | 0.879 | 0 |
| Total | 0.7071 | 8.666 | 0.25 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | ||
LCA information
| EPD based on declared or functional unit | Declared unit |
|---|---|
| Declared unit and reference flow | Corkeen Area: 1 m2 |
| Conversion factor to mass | 8.16 |
| Are infrastructure or capital goods included in any upstream, core or downstream processes? | |
| Do infrastructure and capital goods contribute more than 10% to the A1-A3 (A1-A5 for services) results of any environmental impact indicator declared in the EPD? | |
| Datasources used for this EPD | ecoinvent database (general) ecoinvent 3.11 database Other database EF database v2.0 |
| LCA Software | SimaPro 10.2 |
| Additional information about the underlying LCA-based information | Cut-off rules: Criteria for the exclusion of inputs and outputs follow the requirements of EN 15804: 2012+A2 2019. Where there was insufficient data for a unit process in the LCA study, the cut-off criteria were set at 1% of renewable and non-renewable primary energy usage and 1% of the total mass input of that process, with a maximum of 5% of energy usage and mass per module, ensuring that at least 95% of the environmental impact per module is considered. Based on this cut-off criteria, no material or energy flows were excluded from the analysis. Personnel-related processes, such as transportation of employees to and from work, production and end-of-life processes of infrastructure and capital goods used in the product system as well as in upstream and downstream processes, and consumption and emissions in administrative areas and laboratories were not considered (except capital goods related to on-site energy generation equipment, such as photovoltaic panels and boilers). Allocation: During the production of the Corkeen products, no co-products are produced; therefore, co-product allocation does not apply. All products sent to recycling are treated under the “polluter pays” principle. |
| Version of the EN 15804 reference package | EF Reference Package 3.1 |
| Characterisation methods | EN 15804+A2 (version 1.01), LHV Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) (version 1.01), Selected LCI results, additional (version 1.07), EDIP 2003 (version 1.07) |
| Technology description including background system | The products considered are surface systems for playground applications. They are composed of cork granules and a binding agent. The production of Corkeen comprises four stages: cork grinding, mixing, drying and packaging. |
| Scrap (recycled material) inputs contribution level | Less than 10% of the GWP-GHG results in modules A1-A3 come from scrap inputs |
Data quality assessment
| Description of data quality assessment and reference years | Primary data was provided by ACS and was based on the average production of Corkeen products in 2024. For processes which the producer had no influence on or no specific information about, such as extraction of raw materials, production of customised products and electricity generation, literature and generic data from ecoinvent database v3.11 and EF database 2.0 was used, considering technological, geographical and temporal significance. |
|---|
Data quality assessment
| Process name | Source type | Source | Reference year | Data category | Share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Production of cork | Database | ecoinvent v3.11 | 2024 | Secondary data | 0% |
| Production of binder | Database | ecoinvent v3.11 | 2024 | Secondary data | 0% |
| Manufacturing data (e.g. electricity, heat, steam) | Collected data, Database | EDP owner, ecoinvent v3.11 | 2024 | Primary and secondary data | 7.64% |
| Total share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 | 7.64% | ||||
| The share of primary data is calculated based on GWP-GHG results. It is a simplified indicator for data quality that supports the use of more primary data to increase the representativeness of and comparability between EPDs. Note that the indicator does not capture all relevant aspects of data quality and is not comparable across product categories. | |||||
| Comment on the data sources and other information in the table | The data quality assessment has been carried out in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2, EN 15941, and PCR 2019:14 Construction Products. |
|---|
Electricity data
| Electricity used in the manufacturing process in A3 (A5 for services) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type of electricity mix | Residual electricity mix on the market | |
| Energy sources | Hydro | 4% |
| Wind | 7% | |
| Solar | 9% | |
| Biomass | 0% | |
| Geothermal | 0% | |
| Waste | 0% | |
| Nuclear | 6% | |
| Natural gas | 46% | |
| Coal | 27% | |
| Oil | 0% | |
| Peat | 0% | |
| Other | 2% | |
| GWP-GHG intensity (kg CO2 eq./kWh) | 0.6 kg CO2 eq./kWh | |
| Method used to calculate residual electricity mix | Residual electricity mix on the Portuguese market based on ecoinvent dataset “Electricity, low voltage {PT}| electricity, low voltage, residual mix | EN15804, U” has been used. ACS has a solar photovoltaic installation that accounts for about 9% of the company's annual energy consumption. |
|---|
System boundary
| Description of the system boundary | b) Cradle to gate with options, modules C1-C4, module D and with optional modules (A1-A3 + C + D and additional modules). |
|---|---|
| Excluded modules | Yes, there is an excluded module, or there are excluded modules |
| Justification for the omission of modules | The use stage is not included. |
Declared modules
| Product stage | Construction process stage | Use stage | End of life stage | Beyond product life cycle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Raw material supply | Transport | Manufacturing | Transport to site | Construction installation | Use | Maintenance | Repair | Replacement | Refurbishment | Operational energy use | Operational water use | De-construction demolition | Transport | Waste processing | Disposal | Reuse-Recovery-Recycling-potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Module | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modules declared | X | X | X | X | X | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geography | Europe | Europe | Portugal | Europe | Europe | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share of specific data | 7.64% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - products | 69.89% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - sites | 0% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer | The share of specific/primary data and both variations (products and sites) refer to GWP-GHG results only. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description of the process flow diagram(s)
Modules A1-A3 cover the extraction, production and acquisition of the main raw materials and pre-products, as well as electricity and fuel generation, transport of all raw materials considered in module A1 to the factory gate, and production of the final products, including waste management and emissions. In the manufacturing process (module A3) the following steps were considered: cork grinding, mixing (top layer only), drying (top layer only), and packaging.
Process flow diagram(s) related images
Default scenario
| Name of the default scenario | Representative scenario |
|---|---|
| Description of the default scenario | Most representative scenario of Module A4, A5, end-of-life (C1-C4) and Module D. |
Module A4: Transport to the building site
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module A4 | Transport |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module A4 | Transport of the product from ACS to the construction site. |
| Description of the default scenario in module A4 | For the transport of the final product, the distance from ACS to the brand master was calculated based on a weighted average considering the share of sales into the most representative markets (representing >80% of sales) and the respective transport distance. A distance of 300 km from the brand master to the installation site was also assumed. |
| Module A4 information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Distance | 2715 | km |
| Transport type | Truck, Euro 6 | N/A |
| Load factor | 50 | % |
Module A5: Installation in the building
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module A5 | Installation |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module A5 | Installation of the Corkeen system |
| Description of the default scenario in module A5 | The Corkeen system is installed through a controlled multi-stage process, including subbase preparation, primer application, and successive layers of cork granulate mixed with a binder. Installation requires appropriate equipment and controlled conditions to ensure quality and performance. This stage includes electricity consumption, an additional percentage of materials, the use of auxiliary materials, as well as waste transport, treatment of packaging and Corkeen waste, based on real data from ACS and estimates provided by the brand masters. |
| Module A5 information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Use of other resources | Primer | 1.01 | kg |
| Energy consumption | 0.58 | kg |
| Additional consumption of Corkeen | 1 | % |
| Waste | Recycling | 0.73 | kg |
| Waste | Landfill | 0.09 | kg |
| Waste Transport | 50 | km |
| Other resources | Transport | 100 | km |
Module C: End-of-life
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module C | Default end-of-life |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module C | 90% recycling and 10% landfilling, according to ACS EoL circular system in place |
| Description of the default scenario in module C | The default scenario considers 90% recycling and 10% landfilling of waste, according to ACS. Module C1 has been modelled considering diesel consumption for dismantling operations required to remove the product from the playground considering the default factors from PCR 2019:14. For transport at the end-of-life (Module C2), distances of 2415 km to the recycling plant (ACS facilities) and 80 km to landfill were assumed, according to PCR 2019:14. Module C3 was modelled using primary data from ACS, while Module C4 includes the environmental burdens associated with the landfilling of Corkeen products. The release of CO2 sequestered in the product during its useful life was also considered. |
| Module C information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| C1: Diesel consumption | 0.03 | MJ |
| C2: Transport to recycling plant | 2415 | km |
| C2: Transport to landfill | 80 | km |
| C3: Waste sent to recycling | 7.34 | kg |
| C3: Electricity consumption | 2.99 | MJ |
| C3: Other types of energy consumption | 4.5 | MJ |
| C4: Waste sent to landfill | 0.82 | kg |
Module D: Beyond product life cycle
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module D | Default Module D |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module D | Net benefits and loads from net flows of waste leaving the product system. |
| Description of the default scenario in module D | Module D was calculated for recycling flows in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 – Annex D, corrected according to PCR 2019:14 (see Table 27 and Equation 1). Benefits and loads were assessed at the point of functional equivalence, where the substitution of cork takes place, and a recycling efficiency of 95% was considered. |
Additional scenario 1
| Name of the additional scenario | Alternative scenario 2 - 100% landfill |
|---|---|
| Description of the additional scenario | Alternative end-of-life scenario, considering 100% landfill. |
Module A4: Transport to the building site
| Description of the additional scenario in module A4 | The transport is the same as in the representative scenario. |
|---|
Module A5: Installation in the building
| Description of the additional scenario in module A5 | The installation is the same as in the representative scenario. |
|---|
Module C: End-of-life
| Description of the additional scenario in module C | The default scenario considers 100% landfilling of waste. Module C1 has been modelled considering diesel consumption for dismantling operations required to remove the product from the playground considering the default factors from PCR 2019:14. For transport at the end-of-life (Module C2), distance of 80 km to landfill were assumed, according to PCR 2019:14. Module C4 includes the environmental burdens associated with the landfilling of Corkeen products. The release of CO2 sequestered in the product during its useful life was also considered. |
|---|
| Module C information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| C1: Diesel consumption | 0.03 | MJ |
| C2: Transport to landfill | 80 | km |
| C4: Waste sent to landfill | 8.16 | kg |
Module D: Beyond product life cycle
| Description of the additional scenario in module D | There are no benefits and loads beyond the system boundary. |
|---|
Additional scenario 2
| Name of the additional scenario | Alternative scenario 1 - 100% recycling |
|---|---|
| Description of the additional scenario | Alternative end-of-life scenario, considering 100% recycling. |
Module A4: Transport to the building site
| Description of the additional scenario in module A4 | The transport is the same as in the representative scenario. |
|---|
Module A5: Installation in the building
| Description of the additional scenario in module A5 | The installation is the same as in the representative scenario. |
|---|
Module C: End-of-life
| Description of the additional scenario in module C | The default scenario considers 1000% recycling of waste. Module C1 has been modelled considering diesel consumption for dismantling operations required to remove the product from the playground considering the default factors from PCR 2019:14. For transport at the end-of-life (Module C2), distances of 2415 km to the recycling plant (ACS facilities). Module C3 was modelled using primary data from ACS The release of CO2 sequestered in the product during its useful life was also considered. |
|---|
| Module C information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| C1: Diesel consumption | 0.03 | MJ |
| C2: Transport to recycling plant | 2415 | km |
| C3: Waste sent to recycling | 8.16 | kg |
| C3: Electricity consumption | 3.33 | MJ |
| C3: Other types of energy consumption | 4.99 | MJ |
Module D: Beyond product life cycle
| Description of the additional scenario in module D | Module D was calculated for recycling flows in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 – Annex D, corrected according to PCR 2019:14 (see Table 27 and Equation 1). Benefits and loads were assessed at the point of functional equivalence, where the substitution of cork takes place, and a recycling efficiency of 95% was considered. |
|---|
Environmental performance
The estimated impact results are only relative statements, which do not indicate the endpoints of the impact categories, exceeding threshold values, safety margins and/or risks.
Mandatory environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D | Variation3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | 1.56E+1 | 2.50E+0 | 5.16E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.06E-3 | 2.08E+0 | 8.03E+0 | 8.90E-1 | 1.07E+1 | 68.31% |
| Climate change - fossil | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | 2.32E+1 | 2.50E+0 | 4.22E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.06E-3 | 2.08E+0 | 5.30E-1 | 7.07E-3 | -1.71E+0 | 68.19% |
| Climate change - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | -7.69E+0 | 5.50E-4 | 9.34E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.37E-7 | 4.56E-4 | 7.50E+0 | 8.83E-1 | 1.24E+1 | 70.88% |
| Climate change - land use and land-use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | 7.71E-2 | 4.00E-5 | 9.88E-3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.26E-7 | 3.32E-5 | 2.48E-5 | 7.14E-7 | -9.07E-3 | 66.50% |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | 9.59E-7 | 5.75E-8 | 1.77E-7 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.65E-11 | 4.77E-8 | 1.01E-8 | 2.32E-10 | -3.45E-8 | 62.56% |
| Acidification | AP | mol H+ eq. | 8.57E-2 | 3.12E-3 | 1.44E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.82E-5 | 2.59E-3 | 2.96E-3 | 4.83E-5 | -7.38E-3 | 65.68% |
| Eutrophication aquatic freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | 7.13E-4 | 1.56E-6 | 1.04E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.88E-9 | 1.30E-6 | 2.28E-5 | 3.85E-8 | -5.32E-5 | 63.66% |
| Eutrophication aquatic marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | 2.85E-2 | 6.92E-4 | 3.90E-3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.33E-5 | 5.75E-4 | 1.04E-3 | 3.58E-5 | -2.91E-3 | 66.78% |
| Eutrophication terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | 2.18E-1 | 7.55E-3 | 3.13E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.46E-4 | 6.27E-3 | 1.14E-2 | 2.31E-4 | -2.71E-2 | 69.77% |
| Photochemical ozone formation | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | 8.91E-2 | 6.12E-3 | 2.38E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.36E-5 | 5.08E-3 | 3.09E-3 | 1.00E-4 | -1.21E-2 | 65.40% |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metals | ADP-minerals&metals1, 2 | kg Sb eq. | 5.04E-6 | 6.60E-8 | 6.53E-7 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.07E-10 | 5.48E-8 | 9.14E-9 | 3.37E-9 | -1.03E-7 | 66.06% |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuels | ADP-fossil1 | MJ, net calorific value | 4.20E+2 | 3.37E+1 | 9.16E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.00E-2 | 2.79E+1 | 7.47E+0 | 1.76E-1 | -2.38E+1 | 64.11% |
| Water use | WDP1 | m3 world eq. deprived | 7.19E+0 | 2.67E-2 | 1.22E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.04E-5 | 2.22E-2 | 1.21E-1 | -1.58E-1 | -2.42E-1 | 59.41% |
| Acronyms | GWP-fossil = Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic = Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-marine = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential, Accumulated Exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-minerals&metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Abiotic depletion for fossil resources potential; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted water consumption | |||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator | |||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 2 | The results of the impact categories abiotic depletion of minerals and metals may be highly uncertain in LCAs that include capital goods/infrastructure in generic datasets, in case infrastructure/capital goods contribute greatly to the total results. This is because the LCI data of infrastructure/capital goods used to quantify these indicators in currently available generic datasets sometimes lack temporal, technological and geographical representativeness. Caution should be exercised when using the results of these indicators for decision-making purposes. | |||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 3 | The maximum variation in results between the included products for modules A-C. | |||||||||||||||||
Additional mandatory environmental performance indicators
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - GWP-GHG | GWP-GHG1 | kg CO2 eq. | 2.33E+1 | 2.50E+0 | 4.23E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.06E-3 | 2.08E+0 | 5.30E-1 | 7.07E-3 | -1.71E+0 |
| Acronyms | GWP-GHG = Global warming potential greenhouse gas. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The GWP-GHG indicator is termed GWP-IOBC/GHG in the ILCD+EPD+ data format. The indicator accounts for all greenhouse gases except biogenic carbon dioxide uptake and emissions and biogenic carbon stored in the product. As such, the indicator is identical to GWP-total except that the CF for biogenic CO2 is set to zero. | ||||||||||||||||
Additional voluntary environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Particulate matter emissions | PM | Disease incidence | 1.27E-6 | 1.60E-7 | 1.48E-7 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.14E-10 | 1.33E-7 | 4.51E-8 | 1.22E-9 | -6.00E-7 |
| Ionizing radiation - human health | IRP1 | kBq U235 eq. | 4.47E-1 | 3.23E-3 | 1.49E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.32E-6 | 2.68E-3 | 1.49E-2 | 1.09E-4 | -3.41E-2 |
| Eco-toxicity - freshwater | ETP-fw2, 3 | CTUe | 9.71E+2 | 1.24E+0 | 1.25E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.15E-3 | 1.03E+0 | 5.49E-1 | 1.37E-2 | -1.61E+0 |
| Human toxicity - cancer effects | HTP-c2, 3 | CTUh | 4.12E-8 | 1.57E-10 | 5.23E-9 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.64E-13 | 1.30E-10 | 4.34E-11 | 8.30E-13 | -3.87E-10 |
| Human toxicity - non-cancer effects | HTP-nc2, 3 | CTUh | 9.57E-8 | 1.78E-8 | 1.61E-8 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.02E-12 | 1.48E-8 | 2.22E-9 | 1.27E-10 | -5.46E-9 |
| Land-use related impacts/soil quality | SQP2, 3 | Dimensionless | 1.62E+3 | 4.28E-2 | 1.97E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.79E-5 | 3.55E-2 | 3.84E-1 | 4.44E-1 | -1.96E+3 |
| Acronyms | PM = Potential incidence of disease due to particulate matter emissions; IRP = Potential human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems; HTP-c = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; HTP-nc = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; SQP = Potential soil quality index. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 2 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 3 | The results of the impact categories land use, human toxicity (cancer), human toxicity, noncancer and ecotoxicity (freshwater) may be highly uncertain in LCAs that include capital goods/infrastructure in generic datasets, in case infrastructure/capital goods contribute greatly to the total results. This is because the LCI data of infrastructure/capital goods used to quantify these indicators in currently available generic datasets sometimes lack temporal, technological and geographical representativeness. Caution should be exercised when using the results of these indicators for decision-making purposes. | ||||||||||||||||
Resource use indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERE | MJ, net calorific value | 5.73E+2 | 8.39E-2 | 9.52E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.72E-5 | 6.97E-2 | 6.12E+0 | 4.03E-3 | -8.20E+2 |
| PERM | MJ, net calorific value | 9.57E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 9.57E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| PERT | MJ, net calorific value | 6.69E+2 | 8.39E-2 | 1.05E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.72E-5 | 6.97E-2 | 6.12E+0 | 4.03E-3 | -8.20E+2 |
| PENRE | MJ, net calorific value | 2.78E+2 | 3.37E+1 | 9.02E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.00E-2 | 2.79E+1 | 7.47E+0 | 1.76E-1 | -2.38E+1 |
| PENRM | MJ, net calorific value | 1.42E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 1.42E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| PENRT | MJ, net calorific value | 4.20E+2 | 3.37E+1 | 9.16E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.00E-2 | 2.79E+1 | 7.47E+0 | 1.76E-1 | -2.38E+1 |
| SM | kg | 3.39E+0 | 1.74E-5 | 3.71E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.05E-8 | 1.44E-5 | 2.44E-5 | 1.60E-5 | -8.44E-4 |
| RSF | MJ, net calorific value | 1.36E+0 | 1.44E-6 | 2.95E-3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.39E-8 | 1.19E-6 | 9.81E-7 | 8.33E-7 | -3.57E-6 |
| NRSF | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| FW | m3 | 1.75E-1 | 6.52E-4 | 3.05E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.21E-6 | 5.41E-4 | 2.76E-3 | -3.68E-3 | -5.68E-3 |
| Acronyms | PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy re-sources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Waste indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HWD | kg | 1.37E+0 | 1.28E-3 | 1.82E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.20E-6 | 1.06E-3 | 3.72E-2 | 7.91E-5 | -8.36E-2 |
| NHWD | kg | 4.52E+1 | 1.09E-1 | 7.18E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.43E-4 | 9.02E-2 | 1.30E+0 | 4.64E+0 | -1.75E+0 |
| RWD | kg | 3.11E-4 | 2.03E-6 | 1.18E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.86E-9 | 1.69E-6 | 1.11E-5 | 5.91E-8 | -2.53E-5 |
| Acronyms | HWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Output flow indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRU | kg | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MFR | kg | 8.89E-3 | 7.58E-7 | 7.26E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.07E-9 | 6.30E-7 | 1.58E-4 | 3.66E-6 | -3.80E-3 |
| MER | kg | 7.65E-6 | 4.97E-9 | 9.86E-7 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.34E-11 | 4.13E-9 | 2.94E-8 | 7.92E-10 | -1.10E-7 |
| EEE | MJ, net calorific value | 3.84E-1 | 1.34E-3 | 6.68E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.13E-7 | 1.12E-3 | 9.23E-2 | 8.06E-5 | -2.07E-1 |
| EET | MJ, net calorific value | 5.46E-2 | 3.19E-3 | 1.31E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.86E-7 | 2.65E-3 | 1.66E-4 | 1.24E-3 | -8.05E-4 |
| Acronyms | CRU = Components for re-use; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EEE = Exported electrical energy; EET = Exported thermal energy. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Results for additional scenarios for modules A4-C4
| Additional scenario | Alternative scenario 1 - 100% recycling |
|---|---|
| Description of the scenario/method | Compared to the default scenario: C1 results are the same; C2 results are higher; C3 results are higher as 100% of the product is recycled; C4 results are zero as no waste is sent to landfill. D results are lower, as the quantity of recycled material arising from the product system is higher (for most categories) |
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global warming potential - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.06E-3 | 2.30E+0 | 8.92E+0 | ND | 1.19E+1 |
| Global warming potential - fossil fuels | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.06E-3 | 2.30E+0 | 5.89E-1 | ND | -1.90E+0 |
| Global warming potential - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.37E-7 | 5.06E-4 | 8.33E+0 | ND | 1.38E+1 |
| Global warming potential - land use and land use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.26E-7 | 3.68E-5 | 2.75E-5 | ND | -1.01E-2 |
| Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.65E-11 | 5.29E-8 | 1.12E-8 | ND | -3.83E-8 |
| Acidification potential, accumulated exceedance | AP | mol H+ eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.82E-5 | 2.87E-3 | 3.30E-3 | ND | -8.20E-3 |
| Eutrophication potential - freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.88E-9 | 1.44E-6 | 2.54E-5 | ND | -5.91E-5 |
| Eutrophication potential - marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.33E-5 | 6.37E-4 | 1.16E-3 | ND | -3.23E-3 |
| Eutrophication potential - terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.46E-4 | 6.95E-3 | 1.27E-2 | ND | -3.01E-2 |
| Photochemical ozone creation potential | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.36E-5 | 5.63E-3 | 3.44E-3 | ND | -1.35E-2 |
| Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources | ADPE | kg Sb eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.07E-10 | 6.08E-8 | 1.02E-8 | ND | -1.14E-7 |
| Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources | ADPF | MJ, net calorific value | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.00E-2 | 3.10E+1 | 8.29E+0 | ND | -2.65E+1 |
| Water (user) deprivation potential | WDP | m3 world eq. deprived | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.04E-5 | 2.46E-2 | 1.35E-1 | ND | -2.70E-1 |
| Acronyms | |||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimers | |||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
Results for additional scenarios for modules A4-C4
| Additional scenario | Alternative scenario 2 - 100% landfill |
|---|---|
| Description of the scenario/method | Compared to the default scenario: C1 results are the same; C2 results are lower; C3 results are zero as no waste is sent to recycling; C4 results are higher as all waste is sent to landfill; D results are zero, as there is no recycled material arising from the product system. |
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global warming potential - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.06E-3 | 7.63E-2 | ND | 7.67E+0 | ND |
| Global warming potential - fossil fuels | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.06E-3 | 7.63E-2 | ND | 7.07E-2 | ND |
| Global warming potential - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.37E-7 | 1.68E-5 | ND | 7.60E+0 | ND |
| Global warming potential - land use and land use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.26E-7 | 1.22E-6 | ND | 7.14E-6 | ND |
| Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.65E-11 | 1.75E-9 | ND | 2.32E-9 | ND |
| Acidification potential, accumulated exceedance | AP | mol H+ eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.82E-5 | 9.51E-5 | ND | 4.83E-4 | ND |
| Eutrophication potential - freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.88E-9 | 4.77E-8 | ND | 3.85E-7 | ND |
| Eutrophication potential - marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.33E-5 | 2.11E-5 | ND | 3.58E-4 | ND |
| Eutrophication potential - terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.46E-4 | 2.30E-4 | ND | 2.31E-3 | ND |
| Photochemical ozone creation potential | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.36E-5 | 1.87E-4 | ND | 1.00E-3 | ND |
| Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources | ADPE | kg Sb eq. | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.07E-10 | 2.01E-9 | ND | 3.37E-8 | ND |
| Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources | ADPF | MJ, net calorific value | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.00E-2 | 1.03E+0 | ND | 1.76E+0 | ND |
| Water (user) deprivation potential | WDP | m3 world eq. deprived | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.04E-5 | 8.15E-4 | ND | -1.58E+0 | ND |
| Acronyms | |||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimers | |||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
Information related to EPDs of multiple products
| Justification for why this is representative | The product Corkeen 50 mm was selected as representative for this EPD because it accounts for approximately 40% of the total production volume during the reference period, reflecting its high market relevance. It is produced using the same raw materials and manufacturing processes as other thicknesses in the Corkeen product range. |
|---|
Abbreviations
EPD: Environmental product Category
ISO: International Organization for Standardization
PCR: Product Category Rules
ACS: Amorim Cork Solutions
LCA: Life Cycle Assessment
References
[1] International Organization for Standardization (ISO). EN ISO 14040:2006. Environmental management – life cycle assessment –principles and framework, 2006.
[2] International Organization for Standardization (ISO). EN ISO 14044:2006. Environmental management ‒ Life cycle assessment ‒ Requirements and guidelines, 2006.
[3] International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO 14025:2006. Environmental labels and declarations — Type III environmental declarations — Principles and procedures, 2006.
[4] European Standard. EN 15804:2012+A2:2019. Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Core rules for the product category of construction products, 2019.
[5] European Standard. EN 15941:2024. Sustainability of construction works - Data quality for environmental assessment of products and construction work - Selection and use of data, 2024.
[6] General Programme Instructions of the International EPD® System. Version 5.0.1.
[7] PCR 2019:14 Construction Products, Version 2.0.1.
[8] SimaPro software, PRé Consultants bv 1990-2025, Release 10.2.0.2.
[9] FitzGerald D., Bourgault G., Vadenbo C., Sonderegger T., Symeonidis A., Fazio S., Valente A., Müller J., Dellenbach D., Stoikou N., Bonanno E., Baumann D., Clementi M., Ioannou I., Cirone F., Superti V., Savant S., Beckert P., Treichel A., Kaarlela O., Kunde S., Bichot L., Cassar C., Jensen S., Giakoumatos A., Valsasina L., Moreno Ruiz E. Documentation of changes implemented in the ecoinvent database v3.11. Ecoinvent Association, Zürich, Switzerland, 2024.
[10] European Commission. Environmental Footprint (EF) database 2.0, Version 1.1, 2020.
[11] European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 16449:2014. Wood and wood-based products - Calculation of the biogenic carbon content of wood and conversion to carbon dioxide, 2014.
[12] Dias, A.C., Arroja, L., 2014. A model for estimating carbon accumulation in cork products. Forest Systems 2014 23(2): 236-246.
[13] PRé, SimaPro Database Manual Methods Library, 2023.
[14] Santos, M.I. (2026) Life Cycle Assessment Background Report – Corkeen 40, 50, 70, 90, 110 and 135 mm. RCT092/26.
Version history
2026-05-08, Original version of the EPD