EPD-IES-0028115:003

Cold Rolled Aluminium Foil

Cold Rolled Aluminium Foil is a flat rolled aluminium product with a thickness between 0.10 and 0.20 mm. It is produced by twin-roll continuous casting followed by multiple cold rolling and annealing processes to achieve the required mechanical properties. The product is supplied in coil form and is not cut into sheets. Depending on customer requirements, finishing operations such as degreasing, tension levelling, edge trimming and slitting may be applied. The product complies with EN 546-2 for aluminium foil and EN 573-3 for chemical composition.

General information

EPD OwnerVİG METAL SANAYİ VE TİCARET ANONİM ŞİRKETİ
Registration numberEPD-IES-0028115:003
EPD typeEPD of multiple products based on the average results of the product group
StatusValid
Initial version date2026-01-19
Validity date2031-01-19
Standards conformanceISO 14025:2006, EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021
LicenseeEPD Türkiye
Geographical scopeRepublic of Türkiye
An EPD may be updated or depublished if conditions change. This is the latest version of the EPD.

Programme information

ProgrammeThe International EPD® System 
AddressEPD International AB Box 210 60 SE-100 31 Stockholm Sweden
Websitewww.environdec.com
E-mailsupport@environdec.com

Product category rules

CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the Core Product Category Rules (PCR)
Product Category Rules (PCR)2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) (version 2.0.1) 2.0.1
PCR review was conducted byThe Technical Committee of the International EPD System. See www.environdec.com for a list of members. Review chair: Rob Rouwette (chair), Noa Meron (co-chair). The review panel may be contacted via the Secretariat www.environdec.com/support.

Verification

LCA accountabilitySeymanur Sülün, seymanursulun@semtrio.com, VİG METAL SANAYİ VE TİCARET ANONİM ŞİRKETİ
Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006, via
Third-party verifierIpek Goktas Kalkan (One Click LCA)
Approved byInternational EPD System
Procedure for follow-up of data during EPD validity involves third party verifier
*EPD Process Certification involves an accredited certification body certifying and periodically auditing the EPD process and conducting external and independent verification of EPDs that are regularly published. More information can be found in the General Programme Instructions on www.envrondec.com.

Ownership and limitation on use of EPD

Limitations

EPDs within the same product category but published in different EPD programmes, may not be comparable. For two EPDs to be comparable, they shall be based on the same PCR (including the same first-digit version number) or be based on fully aligned PCRs or versions of PCRs; cover products with identical functions, technical performances and use (e.g. identical declared/functional units); have identical scope in terms of included life-cycle stages (unless the excluded life-cycle stage is demonstrated to be insignificant); apply identical impact assessment methods (including the same version of characterisation factors); and be valid at the time of comparison.

Ownership

The EPD Owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD.

Information about EPD Owner

EPD OwnerVİG METAL SANAYİ VE TİCARET ANONİM ŞİRKETİ
Contact person nameHUSEYIN EROL
Contact person e-mailherol@viggroup.com.tr
Organisation addressTurkey Kütahya 43100 TAVŞANLI MAHALLESİ 4513. SOKAK NO:11 1.ORGANİZE SANAYİ BÖLGESİ 6.CADDE NO:15

Description of the organisation of the EPD Owner

Vig Metal Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. is a leading aluminium flat-rolled products manufacturer located in Kütahya Organized Industrial Zone, Türkiye. The company has been operating since 2006 and produces cold rolled aluminium coils, sheets, and foils for national and international markets. Vig Metal serves a wide range of industrial sectors including construction, automotive, packaging, HVAC, energy, consumer durables, and distribution. Production activities are carried out on a 57,000 m² site with an annual capacity of approximately 45,000 tonnes, supported by more than 200 employees and continuous 24/7 operations. The company is committed to sustainability, energy efficiency, and innovation. Renewable electricity is generated through on-site photovoltaic systems, contributing to the reduction of the carbon footprint of manufacturing operations. Vig Metal continuously invests in research, process optimization, and quality management systems to deliver high-performance aluminium products in compliance with relevant European and international standards.

Organisation images

Organisation logo

Product information

Product nameCold Rolled Aluminium Foil
Product identificationCold rolled aluminium foil manufactured by Vig Metal Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş., produced in coil form with a thickness range of 0.10–0.20 mm, in accordance with EN 546-2 and EN 573-3 standards.
Product descriptionCold Rolled Aluminium Foil is a flat rolled aluminium product with a thickness between 0.10 and 0.20 mm. It is produced by twin-roll continuous casting followed by multiple cold rolling and annealing processes to achieve the required mechanical properties. The product is supplied in coil form and is not cut into sheets. Depending on customer requirements, finishing operations such as degreasing, tension levelling, edge trimming and slitting may be applied. The product complies with EN 546-2 for aluminium foil and EN 573-3 for chemical composition.
Product information from external sourcesAdditional product information is available in the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) and the associated Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) background report prepared in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and PCR 2019:14.
Technical purpose of productThe technical purpose of the product is to serve as a flat rolled aluminium foil material providing barrier, thermal conductivity, formability, and corrosion resistance properties. Cold rolled aluminium foil is intended to be used as a semi-finished material for further processing in industrial applications such as packaging, insulation, HVAC systems, heat exchangers, automotive heat management, electrical applications, and laminated or coated products.
Manufacturing or service provision descriptionCold rolled aluminium foil is manufactured by twin-roll continuous casting of aluminium followed by multiple cold rolling and annealing processes to achieve the required thickness and mechanical properties. The production process includes melting of aluminium ingots, pre-consumer scrap and alloying elements, continuous casting into coils, cold rolling with multiple passes, and controlled annealing cycles. Depending on product specifications, additional finishing operations such as degreasing, tension levelling, edge trimming and slitting are applied. Internal process scrap generated during manufacturing is fully recycled and reused within the production system. The product is supplied in coil form from the manufacturing facility in Kütahya, Türkiye.
Material propertiesVolumetric mass density: 2700 kg/m3
Volumetric mass density:
2700 kg/m3
Manufacturing siteVig Metal Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. Kütahya Manufacturing Site Turkey Kütahya 43030 1. Organize Sanayi Bölgesi, 6. Cadde No:15 Merkez, Kütahya, Türkiye
UN CPC codeNo applicable UN CPC code
Geographical scopeRepublic of Türkiye
Actual or technical lifespan50> year(s)

Product images

Technical characteristics and performance

Technical performance

Product nameDensity (g/cm³)Chemical compositionMelting pointElectrical conductivityThermal conductivityAverage Coefficient of thermal expansion 20⁰C to 100⁰CModulus of elasticityHardnessYield strength (min)Ultimate tensile strength (min)Breaking elongation (min) (50 mm&4D)
Cold Rolled Aluminium Foil2.69-2.73Varying alloy by alloy, 97-99.75 (% by mass)632-660 (⁰C)22-36 (MS/m)170-225 (W/(m.K))22.5-24 mm/m (Per ⁰C)69-71 (Gpa)16-95 (HB)20 ( Mpa)35 (Mpa)1 (%)

Content declaration

Content declaration of multiple productsContent shares do not change for the products with different thicknesses.
Hazardous and toxic substancesThe product does not contain any substances from the SVHC candidate list in concentrations exceeding 0.1% of its weight.
Product content
Content nameMass, kgPost-consumer recycled material, mass-% of productBiogenic material, mass-% of productBiogenic material1, kg C/declared unit
Aluminium product0.992000
Others0.008000
Total1000
Note 11 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2
Packaging materials
Material nameMass, kgMass-% (versus the product)Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit
Pallet0.00670.86620.003
Packaging film0.00020.02990
Wood0.00080.10390.0004
Total0.007710.0034
Note 11 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2

LCA information

EPD based on declared or functional unitDeclared unit
Declared unit and reference flowCold Rolled Aluminium Foil Mass: 1 kg
Conversion factor to mass1
Are infrastructure or capital goods included in any upstream, core or downstream processes?
Datasources used for this EPDecoinvent database (general) ecoinvent 3.10 database
LCA SoftwareSimaPro SimaPro 9.6
Additional information about the underlying LCA-based informationThe Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) underlying this Environmental Product Declaration was conducted in accordance with ISO 14040:2006, ISO 14044:2006, ISO 14025:2006, EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021, and the Product Category Rules for Construction Products (PCR 2019:14, version 2.0.1) of the International EPD® System. The LCA model was developed using SimaPro LCA software (version 9.6.0.1). Primary data were collected directly from the manufacturer, while secondary data were sourced from the Ecoinvent v3.10 database. The assessment is based on average production data and represents an average cold rolled aluminium foil product.
Version of the EN 15804 reference packageEF Reference Package 3.1
Characterisation methodsThe characterisation of environmental impacts was performed in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 using the mandatory and additional impact categories specified therein. The Global Warming Potential indicators are calculated based on IPCC AR5 characterisation factors. All impact assessment methods are implemented within SimaPro LCA software in accordance with the EN 15804 reference package.
Technology description including background systemCold rolled aluminium foil is manufactured using twin-roll continuous casting followed by multiple cold rolling and annealing processes to achieve the required thickness and mechanical properties. The production process includes melting of aluminium ingots, pre-consumer scrap and alloying elements, continuous casting into coils, cold rolling with multiple passes, controlled annealing, and finishing operations such as degreasing, tension levelling, edge trimming and slitting. Internal aluminium scrap generated during manufacturing is fully recycled and reused within the same production system and is considered a closed-loop material flow. Background system processes, including raw material production, energy supply, transport, and waste treatment, are modelled using generic datasets from the Ecoinvent v3.10 database with appropriate geographical and technological representativeness.
Scrap (recycled material) inputs contribution levelLess than 10% of the GWP-GHG results in modules A1-A3 come from scrap inputs
Scrap (recycled material) inputs data
Material scrap nameMaterial scrap value
Pre-consumer recycled material0, kg CO2 eq./tonne
The share of the total scrap input that was assumed to come with an environmental burden0.2%

Data quality assessment

Description of data quality assessment and reference yearsThe data quality assessment was carried out in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and PCR 2019:14 (v2.0.1). Primary (specific) data were collected directly from Vig Metal Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. for the reference period from 1 August 2024 to 1 August 2025 and include material inputs, energy consumption, transport data, water use, and waste generation for the manufacturing processes. Secondary (generic) data for upstream and downstream processes were obtained from the Ecoinvent v3.10 database and selected based on technological and geographical representativeness. Primary data used in the study are less than 1 year old, while secondary data are less than 10 years old, in line with EN 15804 requirements. Overall data quality is considered good to very good with respect to temporal, geographical, and technological representativeness. The data are deemed sufficient and appropriate to support the intended use of this Environmental Product Declaration.
Data quality assessment
Process nameSource typeSourceReference yearData categoryShare of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3
Electricity used in product manufacturingCollected dataEcoinvent2025Primary data4.3%
Transport of raw materials to manufacturing siteCollected dataEcoinvent2025Primary data0.5%
Total share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A34.8%
The share of primary data is calculated based on GWP-GHG results. It is a simplified indicator for data quality that supports the use of more primary data to increase the representativeness of and comparability between EPDs. Note that the indicator does not capture all relevant aspects of data quality and is not comparable across product categories.
Comment on the data sources and other information in the tableThe table shows the share of primary data used for the calculation of GWP-GHG results in Modules A1–A3. Primary data have been collected for electricity consumption in manufacturing and transport of raw materials to the production site, with background processes modelled using Ecoinvent v3.10 datasets. Based on the contribution of these processes to total GWP-GHG impacts, the overall share of primary data amounts to 2.9%, serving as a simplified indicator of data quality in accordance with EN 15804.
Electricity data
Electricity used in the manufacturing process in A3 (A5 for services)
Type of electricity mixResidual electricity mix on the market
Energy sourcesHydro0%
Wind0%
Solar56%
Biomass0%
Geothermal0%
Waste0%
Nuclear0%
Natural gas9%
Coal28%
Oil0%
Peat0%
Other7%
GWP-GHG intensity (kg CO2 eq./kWh)0.51 kg CO2 eq./kWh
Method used to calculate residual electricity mixElectricity consumption in the manufacturing stage was modelled using a combination of grid electricity and on-site photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation. The residual electricity mix was determined based on the proportion of electricity supplied by the national electricity grid after accounting for on-site renewable electricity generation. Due to the unavailability of a specific residual electricity mix dataset, electricity modelling was carried out using the “Electricity, medium voltage {TR} | market for electricity, medium voltage | EN15804” dataset from Ecoinvent v3.10. Renewable electricity contributions were conservatively substituted with fossil-based electricity datasets in accordance with EN 15804 requirements to avoid underestimation of environmental impacts.

System boundary

Description of the system boundarye) Cradle to gate with options (A1-A3 and additional modules). The additional modules may be A4 and/or A5.
Excluded modulesYes, there is an excluded module, or there are excluded modules
Justification for the omission of modulesModule A5 (Construction and installation process) and B modules (Use stage) are not declared because the product is a semi-finished aluminium foil supplied at the factory gate. The installation, construction, and use stages are highly dependent on the specific application, project conditions, and downstream processing performed by the customer. Therefore, no generic and representative installation or use-stage scenarios can be defined in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and PCR 2019:14.

Declared modules

Product stageConstruction process stageUse stageEnd of life stageBeyond product life cycle
Raw material supplyTransportManufacturingTransport to siteConstruction installationUseMaintenanceRepairReplacementRefurbishmentOperational energy useOperational water useDe-construction demolitionTransportWaste processingDisposalReuse-Recovery-Recycling-potential
ModuleA1A2A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Modules declaredXXXXNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDXXXXX
GeographyGlobalGlobalRepublic of TürkiyeGlobalN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AGlobalGlobalGlobalGlobalGlobal
Share of specific data4.8%--------------
Variation - products1%--------------
Variation - sites0%--------------
DisclaimerThe share of specific/primary data and both variations (products and sites) refer to GWP-GHG results only.

Description of the process flow diagram(s)

The process flow diagram covers the cradle-to-gate production of cold rolled aluminium foil. The system includes raw material supply (aluminium ingots, pre-consumer scrap and alloying elements), transport to the manufacturing site, melting and twin-roll continuous casting, followed by cold rolling, annealing, and finishing operations such as degreasing, edge trimming and slitting. Internal aluminium scrap generated during manufacturing is fully recycled within the same production system and considered a closed-loop material flow. The diagram covers modules A1–A4, while construction and use stage modules are outside the system boundary.

Process flow diagram(s) related images

Default scenario

Name of the default scenarioBaseline end-of-life scenario – 95% recycling / 5% landfill
Description of the default scenarioThe default scenario represents the baseline end-of-life situation for cold rolled aluminium foil in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and PCR 2019:14 v2.0.1. It is assumed that 95 % of the aluminium foil is collected, recovered, and recycled at the end of its service life, while the remaining 5 % is disposed of in landfill (based on European Aluminium circular economy data and industry practice as described by European Aluminium). Transport of end-of-life aluminium to waste treatment facilities is assumed to occur by road over an average distance of 80 km. Recycling processes and disposal are modelled using generic datasets from the Ecoinvent v3.10 database, in line with European Aluminium Association recovery rate data. The potential benefits and burdens associated with recycling are reported in Module D in accordance with the requirements of EN 15804.

Module A4: Transport to the building site

Explanatory name of the default scenario in module A4Transport to site
Brief description of the default scenario in module A4Transport by road and sea based on average distances and distribution assumptions
Description of the default scenario in module A4The default scenario represents the baseline transport situation for cold rolled aluminium foil in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and PCR 2019:14 v2.0.1. Products are transported from the manufacturing facility in Kütahya, Türkiye, to Vig Metal Switzerland by road transport. After arrival, it is assumed that 90% of the products are distributed within Europe by road, while 10% are transported outside Europe by sea. Transport modelling is based on average transport distances, vehicle types, load factors, and fuel consumption data defined in the LCA study.
Module A4 informationValueUnit
Distance
4520
km
Capacity utilization (including empty returns)
50
%
Bulk density of transported products
700
kg/m3
Volume capacity utilization factor
(factor: =1 or <1 or ≥1 for compressed or
nested packaged products)
<1
%
Road Vehicle TypeTruck Euro 6 (28-32 t / 22 t payload)
N/A
Seaway Vehicle TypeContainer ship (5000 to 200000 dwt payload capacity)
N/A
Transport distance (ship)6300
km

Module C: End-of-life

Explanatory name of the default scenario in module CEnd-of-life scenario
Brief description of the default scenario in module CEnd-of-life 95% recycling and 5% landfill
Description of the default scenario in module CThe default scenario represents the baseline end-of-life situation for cold rolled aluminium foil in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and PCR 2019:14 v2.0.1. It is assumed that 95% of the aluminium foil is collected and recycled at the end of its service life, while the remaining 5% is disposed of in landfill, based on European Aluminium circular economy data and industry practice as reported by European Aluminium. Deconstruction is assumed to be performed manually and is therefore considered to have no associated environmental impacts (Module C1). Transport to waste treatment facilities is assumed to take place by road over an average distance of 80 km (Module C2). Waste processing and recycling operations (Module C3) and final disposal (Module C4) are modelled using generic datasets from the Ecoinvent v3.10 database, in line with European Aluminium Association recovery rate data.
Module C informationValueUnit
Transport by roadLorry 16-32 metric ton
N/A
Distance80
km
ElectricityElectricity, medium voltage {GLO}| market group for electricity, medium voltage | EN15804, S
N/A
Electricity (kWh)0.0022
kWh

Module D: Beyond product life cycle

Explanatory name of the default scenario in module DRecyclng benefits
Brief description of the default scenario in module DEnvironmental benefits from recycling of aluminium at end of life
Description of the default scenario in module DModule D accounts for the potential environmental benefits and loads from the recycling of aluminium scrap at the end of the product’s life cycle. The amount of aluminium scrap leaving the product system after end-of-life treatment is assumed to be recycled and substituted with primary aluminium production. Recycling benefits are calculated in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and PCR 2019:14 v2.0.1, considering a baseline end-of-life scenario with a 95% recycling rate.

Additional scenario 1

Name of the additional scenarioEnd-of-life scenario – 100% landfill
Description of the additional scenarioThe 100% landfill scenario represents an alternative end-of-life situation for cold rolled aluminium foil in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and PCR 2019:14 v2.0.1. It is assumed that 100% of the aluminium foil is disposed of in landfill at the end of its service life, with no collection, recovery, or recycling taking place. This scenario reflects a conservative end-of-life assumption where no circular economy benefits are achieved. Transport of end-of-life aluminium to waste treatment facilities is assumed to occur by road over an average distance of 80 km. Disposal processes are modelled using generic landfill treatment datasets from the Ecoinvent v3.10 database, consistent with European Aluminium Association end-of-life modelling practices. As no recycling occurs in this scenario, no potential benefits or burdens are reported in Module D.

Module A4: Transport to the building site

Description of the additional scenario in module A4The default scenario represents the baseline transport situation for cold rolled aluminium foil in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and PCR 2019:14 v2.0.1. Products are transported from the manufacturing facility in Kütahya, Türkiye, to Vig Metal Switzerland by road transport. After arrival, it is assumed that 90% of the products are distributed within Europe by road, while 10% are transported outside Europe by sea. Transport modelling is based on average transport distances, vehicle types, load factors, and fuel consumption data defined in the LCA study.
Module A4 informationValueUnit
Distance
4520
km
Capacity utilization (including empty returns)
50
%
Bulk density of transported products
700
kg/m3
Volume capacity utilization factor
(factor: =1 or <1 or ≥1 for compressed or
nested packaged products)
<1
%
Road Vehicle Type Truck Euro 6 (28-32 t / 22 t payload) N/A
N/A
Seaway Vehicle Type Container ship (5000 to 200000 dwt payload capacity) N/A
N/A
Transport distance (ship) 6300
km

Module C: End-of-life

Description of the additional scenario in module CThe 100% landfill scenario represents an alternative end-of-life situation for cold rolled aluminium foil in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and PCR 2019:14 v2.0.1. It is assumed that 100% of the aluminium foil is disposed of in landfill at the end of its service life, with no collection, recovery, or recycling taking place. This scenario reflects a conservative end-of-life assumption where no circular economy benefits are achieved. Deconstruction is assumed to be performed manually and is therefore considered to have no associated environmental impacts (Module C1). Transport to waste treatment facilities is assumed to take place by road over an average distance of 80 km (Module C2). Waste processing operations prior to disposal (Module C3) and final disposal in landfill (Module C4) are modelled using generic datasets from the Ecoinvent v3.10 database, consistent with European Aluminium Association end-of-life modelling practices. As no recycling occurs in this scenario, no recycling credits or benefits are reported in Module D.
Module C informationValueUnit
Transport by road Lorry 16-32 metric ton
N/A
Distance80
km
Electricity Electricity, medium voltage {GLO}| market group for electricity, medium voltage | EN15804, S N/A
N/A
Electricity (kWh)0.0022
kWh

Module D: Beyond product life cycle

Description of the additional scenario in module DModule D accounts for the potential environmental benefits and loads from recycling of aluminium scrap at the end of the product’s life cycle. In the 100% landfill scenario, no aluminium scrap leaving the product system after end-of-life treatment is assumed to be recycled or substituted with primary aluminium production. Therefore, no recycling benefits are calculated in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and PCR 2019:14 v2.0.1, considering an end-of-life scenario with a 0% recycling rate and 100% landfill disposal.

Additional scenario 2

Name of the additional scenarioRecycling benefits (100% recycling)
Description of the additional scenarioEnvironmental benefits from full recycling of aluminium at end of life

Module A4: Transport to the building site

Description of the additional scenario in module A4Module D accounts for the potential environmental benefits and loads from recycling of aluminium scrap at the end of the product’s life cycle. The amount of aluminium scrap leaving the product system after end-of-life treatment is assumed to be fully recycled and substituted with primary aluminium production. Recycling benefits are calculated in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and PCR 2019:14 v2.0.1, considering an end-of-life scenario with a 100% recycling rate.
Module A4 informationValueUnit
Distance
4520
km
Capacity utilization (including empty returns)
50
%
Bulk density of transported products
700
kg/m3
Volume capacity utilization factor
(factor: =1 or <1 or ≥1 for compressed or
nested packaged products)
<1
%
Road Vehicle Type Road Vehicle Type
N/A
Seaway Vehicle Type Seaway Vehicle Type
N/A
Transport distance (ship)6300
km

Module C: End-of-life

Description of the additional scenario in module CThe 100% recycling scenario represents an alternative end-of-life situation for cold rolled aluminium foil in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and PCR 2019:14 v2.0.1. It is assumed that 100% of the aluminium foil is collected and recycled at the end of its service life, with no material being disposed of in landfill, based on European Aluminium circular economy data and industry practice as reported by European Aluminium. Deconstruction is assumed to be performed manually and is therefore considered to have no associated environmental impacts (Module C1). Transport to waste treatment facilities is assumed to take place by road over an average distance of 80 km (Module C2). Waste processing and recycling operations (Module C3) are modelled using generic datasets from the Ecoinvent v3.10 database, in line with European Aluminium Association recovery rate data. Final disposal in landfill (Module C4) is not applicable in this scenario.
Module C informationValueUnit
Transport by road Lorry 16-32 metric ton N/A
N/A
Distance80
km
Electricity Electricity, medium voltage {GLO}| market group for electricity, medium voltage | EN15804, S N/A
N/A
Electricity (kWh) 0.0022 kWh
kWh

Module D: Beyond product life cycle

Description of the additional scenario in module DModule D accounts for the potential environmental benefits and loads from the recycling of aluminium scrap at the end of the product’s life cycle. The amount of aluminium scrap leaving the product system after end-of-life treatment is assumed to be fully recycled and substituted with primary aluminium production. Recycling benefits are calculated in accordance with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and PCR 2019:14 v2.0.1, considering an end-of-life scenario with a 100% recycling rate.

Environmental performance

The estimated impact results are only relative statements, which do not indicate the endpoints of the impact categories, exceeding threshold values, safety margins and/or risks.

Mandatory environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804

Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Climate change - totalGWP-totalkg CO2 eq.1.15E+14.92E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.53E-21.63E-31.30E-3-2.53E-2
Climate change - fossilGWP-fossilkg CO2 eq.1.09E+14.88E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.52E-21.59E-31.28E-3-2.52E-2
Climate change - biogenicGWP-biogenickg CO2 eq.2.91E-13.58E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.11E-43.25E-52.20E-5-1.41E-4
Climate change - land use and land-use changeGWP-luluckg CO2 eq.2.02E-11.63E-4NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+05.07E-62.14E-61.59E-6-3.38E-5
Ozone depletionODPkg CFC-11 eq.8.59E-89.64E-9NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+03.00E-109.96E-122.29E-11-9.73E-11
AcidificationAPmol H+ eq.8.18E-21.02E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+03.17E-57.74E-67.37E-6-1.63E-4
Eutrophication aquatic freshwaterEP-freshwaterkg P eq.3.64E-43.81E-6NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.19E-78.92E-82.23E-8-7.79E-7
Eutrophication aquatic marineEP-marinekg N eq.1.03E-22.38E-4NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+07.41E-61.43E-63.09E-6-2.58E-5
Eutrophication terrestrialEP-terrestrialmol N eq.1.16E-12.63E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+08.20E-51.56E-52.78E-5-2.87E-4
Photochemical ozone formationPOCPkg NMVOC eq.4.22E-21.69E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+05.26E-54.63E-68.72E-6-8.73E-5
Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metalsADP-minerals&metals1kg Sb eq.1.87E-51.59E-6NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+04.94E-81.45E-93.29E-9-1.08E-7
Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuelsADP-fossil1MJ, net calorific value1.13E+26.87E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+02.14E-12.05E-22.16E-2-2.34E-1
Water useWDP1m3 world eq. deprived4.68E+03.87E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.21E-31.95E-4-8.21E-3-3.98E-3
AcronymsGWP-fossil = Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic = Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-marine = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential, Accumulated Exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-minerals&metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Abiotic depletion for fossil resources potential; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted water consumption
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).
Disclaimer 1The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator

Additional mandatory environmental performance indicators

Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Climate change - GWP-GHGGWP-GHG1kg CO2 eq.1.15E+14.92E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.53E-21.63E-31.30E-3-2.53E-2
AcronymsGWP-GHG = Global warming potential greenhouse gas.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).
Disclaimer 1The GWP-GHG indicator is termed GWP-IOBC/GHG in the ILCD+EPD+ data format. The indicator accounts for all greenhouse gases except biogenic carbon dioxide uptake and emissions and biogenic carbon stored in the product. As such, the indicator is identical to GWP-total except that the CF for biogenic CO2 is set to zero.

Additional voluntary environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804

Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Particulate matter emissionsPMDisease incidence1.11E-63.58E-8NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.11E-96.84E-111.33E-10-2.07E-9
Ionizing radiation - human healthIRP1kBq U235 eq.4.09E-13.17E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+09.87E-58.25E-51.81E-5-9.55E-5
Eco-toxicity - freshwaterETP-fw2CTUe2.36E+11.50E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+04.67E-23.61E-38.81E+0-5.64E-2
Human toxicity - cancer effectsHTP-c2CTUh5.27E-83.50E-9NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.09E-101.86E-127.37E-12-5.24E-11
Human toxicity - non-cancer effectsHTP-nc2CTUh1.89E-78.60E-9NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+02.68E-101.88E-114.03E-10-3.76E-10
Land-use related impacts/soil qualitySQP2Dimensionless1.30E+24.15E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.29E-13.05E-33.30E-2-4.75E-2
AcronymsPM = Potential incidence of disease due to particulate matter emissions; IRP = Potential human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems; HTP-c = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; HTP-nc = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; SQP = Potential soil quality index.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).
Disclaimer 1This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator.
Disclaimer 2The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator.

Resource use indicators according to EN 15804

IndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
PEREMJ, net calorific value9.49E+11.18E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+03.67E-32.48E-36.39E-4-1.49E-2
PERMMJ, net calorific value0.00E+00.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
PERTMJ, net calorific value9.49E+11.18E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+03.67E-32.48E-36.39E-4-1.49E-2
PENREMJ, net calorific value1.20E+27.30E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+02.27E-12.18E-22.30E-2-2.50E-1
PENRMMJ, net calorific value0.00E+00.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
PENRTMJ, net calorific value1.20E+27.30E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+02.27E-12.18E-22.30E-2-2.50E-1
SMkg1.17E-30.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+01.11E-3
RSFMJ, net calorific value0.00E+00.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
NRSFMJ, net calorific value0.00E+00.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
FWm34.95E-16.24E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.94E-41.17E-45.19E-5-1.00E-3
AcronymsPERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy re-sources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Waste indicators according to EN 15804

IndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
HWDkg3.50E+01.45E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+03.12E-41.38E-41.63E-4-5.06E-3
NHWDkg1.56E+13.07E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+06.59E-34.93E-35.00E-1-3.30E-2
RWDkg2.18E-43.21E-6NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+06.89E-85.29E-81.16E-8-5.70E-8
AcronymsHWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Output flow indicators according to EN 15804

IndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
CRUkg0.00E+00.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
MFRkg6.55E-37.56E-5NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.62E-69.50E-13.61E-7-8.26E-6
MERkg3.44E-66.41E-7NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.38E-89.60E-101.56E-9-9.75E-9
EEEMJ, net calorific value1.20E-21.71E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+03.68E-51.98E-51.09E-4-1.30E-5
EETMJ, net calorific value1.15E-22.48E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+05.32E-51.02E-68.70E-6-1.50E-5
AcronymsCRU = Components for re-use; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EEE = Exported electrical energy; EET = Exported thermal energy.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Results for additional scenarios for modules A4-C4

Additional scenarioEnd-of-life scenario – 100% landfill
Results for additional scenarios for modules A4-C4
Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Waste productionHazardous waste disposedkg3.50E+01.45E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+03.12E-41.38E-43.26E-30.00E+0
Waste productionNon-hazardous waste disposedkg1.56E+13.07E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+06.59E-34.93E-31.00E+00.00E+0
Waste productionRadioactive waste disposedkg2.18E-43.21E-6NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+06.89E-85.29E-82.32E-70.00E+0
Output flowsComponents for re-usekg1.45E-20.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
Output flowsMaterial for recyclingkg3.07E-10.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.62E-60.00E+06.22E-30.00E+0
Output flowsMaterials for energy recoverykg3.21E-60.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.38E-80.00E+03.27E-60.00E+0
Output flowsExported energy, electricityMJ0.00E+00.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+03.68E-50.00E+01.14E-20.00E+0
Output flowsExported energy, thermalMJ7.56E-50.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+05.32E-50.00E+01.09E-20.00E+0
Acronyms
Disclaimers
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Results for additional scenarios for modules A4-C4

Additional scenarioRecycling benefits (100% recycling)
Results for additional scenarios for modules A4-C4
Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Waste productionHazardous waste disposedkg3.50E+01.45E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+03.12E-41.38E-40.00E+0-5.33E-3
Waste productionNon-hazardous waste disposedkg1.56E+13.07E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+06.59E-34.93E-30.00E+0-3.47E-2
Waste productionRadioactive waste disposedkg2.18E-43.21E-6NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+06.89E-85.29E-80.00E+0-6.00E-8
Output flows Components for re-usekg0.00E+00.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
Output flowsMaterial for recyclingkg6.55E-37.56E-5NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.62E-66.22E-30.00E+06.22E-3
Output flowsMaterials for energy recoverykg3.44E-66.41E-7NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.38E-83.27E-60.00E+03.27E-6
Output flowsExported energy, electricityMJ1.20E-21.71E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+03.68E-51.14E-20.00E+01.14E-2
Output flowsExported energy, thermalMJ1.15E-22.48E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+05.32E-51.09E-20.00E+01.09E-2
Acronyms
Disclaimers
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Additional environmental information

- No mass balance allocation (MBA) has been applied in the LCA model.

- Biogenic carbon content and the associated energy balance of packaging materials are accounted for within Modules A1–A3, as Module A5 (construction and installation process) is not declared.

- The energy balance has been modelled in accordance with Option A as defined in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.- A baseline End-of-Life (EOL) scenario consisting of 95% recycling and 5% landfill is considered in the LCA. In addition, alternative EOL scenarios representing 100% recycling and 100% landfill are assessed using the scaling approach described below.

For an EOL scenario with 100% recycling, all results reported in modules C3 and D shall be obtained by multiplying the corresponding results of the baseline scenario by a factor of 100/95, while all results in module C4 shall be set to zero.

For an EOL scenario with 100% landfill, all results reported in module C4 shall be obtained by multiplying the corresponding results of the baseline scenario by a factor of 100/95, while all results in modules C3 and D shall be set to zero.

Information related to EPDs of multiple products

Description of how the averages have been determinedThe results are representative for 1kg product. GWP-GHG deviation between 1 kg products with different thicknesses are less than 1%.

Abbreviations

EN-European Norm (Standard)

EF-Environmental Footprint

ISO-International Organization for Standardization

ND-Not DeclaredPCRs - (Product Category Rules) 

References

ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Principles and framework

ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Requirements and guidelines

ISO 14025:2006, Environmental labels and declarations – Type III environmental declarations

ISO 14020:2006, Environmental labels and declarations – General principles

EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021, Sustainability of construction works – Environmental product declarations – Core rules for the product category of construction products

General Programme Instructions (GPI) for the International EPD® System, Version 5.0.1

Product Category Rules (PCR) 2019:14, Construction Products, Version 2.0.1, The International EPD® System

Ecoinvent database v3.10

SimaPro LCA software v9.6.0.1European Aluminium Association (EAA), Aluminium Recycling and End-of-Life Recycling Rates in Europe, Brussels, Belgium, latest available data.

Version history

Version 001, 2026-01-19

Original version of the EPD

This version represents the original version of the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD). It contains the initial life cycle assessment (LCA), including defined system boundaries, assumptions, data sources, and methodological approaches applied at the time of publication. As this is the first published version of the EPD, no previous versions exist for comparison.