EPD-IES-0026371:002

Ready-mix Concrete

Ready-mixed concrete is a mixture of cement, water, aggregates (such as sand, gravel or crushed stone) and additives, which is produced in a specialised plant and delivered directly to the construction site. Widely used in construction due to its versatility and ease of use, as it arrives ready to be placed.

General information

EPD OwnerCEMENTOS Y CONCRETOS LA CRUZ AZUL, S.A DE C.V.
Registration numberEPD-IES-0026371:002
EPD typeEPD of multiple products based on the average results of the product group
StatusValid
Initial version date2025-12-15
Validity date2030-12-15
Standards conformanceISO 14025:2006, EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021
LicenseeEPD Mexico
Geographical scopeGlobal
An EPD may be updated or depublished if conditions change. This is the latest version of the EPD.

Programme information

ProgrammeThe International EPD® System 
AddressEPD International AB Box 210 60 SE-100 31 Stockholm Sweden
Websitewww.environdec.com
E-mailsupport@environdec.com

Product category rules

CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the Core Product Category Rules (PCR)
Product Category Rules (PCR)2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) (version 2.0.1) 2.0.1
PCR review was conducted byThe Technical Committee of the International EPD System. See www.environdec.com for a list of members. Review chair: Rob Rouwette (chair), Noa Meron (co-chair). The review panel may be contacted via the Secretariat www.environdec.com/support.
Complementary Product Category Rules (c-PCR)PCR 2019:14-c-PCR-003 Being updated - Concrete and concrete elements (EN 16757) (1.0.0) Version: 1.0.0
c-PCR review was conducted byThe Technical Committee of the International EPD System

Verification

LCA accountabilityAna Laura Tecorralco, atecorralco@cadis.earth, CEMENTOS Y CONCRETOS LA CRUZ AZUL, S.A DE C.V. Gabriel Coto, gacoto@cadis.earth, CEMENTOS Y CONCRETOS LA CRUZ AZUL, S.A DE C.V.
Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006, via
Third-party verifierRubén Carnerero Acosta Carnerero Acosta (IK Ingeniería S.L.)
Approved byInternational EPD System
Procedure for follow-up of data during EPD validity involves third party verifier
*EPD Process Certification involves an accredited certification body certifying and periodically auditing the EPD process and conducting external and independent verification of EPDs that are regularly published. More information can be found in the General Programme Instructions on www.envrondec.com.

Ownership and limitation on use of EPD

Limitations

EPDs within the same product category but published in different EPD programmes, may not be comparable. For two EPDs to be comparable, they shall be based on the same PCR (including the same first-digit version number) or be based on fully aligned PCRs or versions of PCRs; cover products with identical functions, technical performances and use (e.g. identical declared/functional units); have identical scope in terms of included life-cycle stages (unless the excluded life-cycle stage is demonstrated to be insignificant); apply identical impact assessment methods (including the same version of characterisation factors); and be valid at the time of comparison.

Ownership

The EPD Owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD.

Information about EPD Owner

EPD OwnerCEMENTOS Y CONCRETOS LA CRUZ AZUL, S.A DE C.V.
Contact person nameMaría Guadalupe Berenize Lara Benítez
Contact person e-mailguadalupe.lara@cruzazulconcretos.com
Organisation addressMexico MEXICO CITY 04700 PERIFERICO SUR 5550-5 COLONIA PEDREGAL DE CARRASCO

Description of the organisation of the EPD Owner

Cementos y Concretos La Cruz Azul S. A. de C. V. is a leading Mexican company in the construction industry, which forms part of the growth and horizontal development of important companies belonging to Cooperativa la Cruz Azul S.C.L., which has more than a century of experience in the production of high-quality cement.

Organisation images

Organisation logo

Product information

Product nameReady-mix Concrete
Product identificationReady-mix Concrete
Product descriptionReady-mixed concrete is a mixture of cement, water, aggregates (such as sand, gravel or crushed stone) and additives, which is produced in a specialised plant and delivered directly to the construction site. Widely used in construction due to its versatility and ease of use, as it arrives ready to be placed.
Technical purpose of productClass 1: High-performance concrete designed for structural applications in critical infrastructure such as hospitals, schools, and apartment buildings, especially in seismic zones. Class 2: Normal-weight concrete, non-structural concrete intended for general-purpose construction such as residential and commercial buildings. MR: Specialized concrete designed for flexural strength applications in pavements and flooring systems exposed to vehicular loads.
Manufacturing or service provision descriptionThe Ready-mix concrete is primarily composed of Portland cement CPC 40, limestone gravel, crushed sand, water, and other aggregates. The process begins with the reception of raw materials; the raw materials are verified and stored. The next stage involves the precise batching and mixing of the concrete. Following the batching process, the concrete is mixed in the rotating drum unit and transported to the construction site, ensuring compliance with the quality standards expected by the client.
Material propertiesVolumetric mass density: 2292.5 kg/m3
Volumetric mass density:
2292.5 kg/m3
Manufacturing siteConcretos Cruz Azul PIVA plant Mexico Aguascalientes 20358
UN CPC code375. Articles of concrete, cement and plaster
Geographical scopeGlobal

Product images

Content declaration

Content declaration of multiple products1
Hazardous and toxic substancesThe product does not contain any substances from the SVHC candidate list in concentrations exceeding 0.1% of its weight.
Product content
Content nameMass, kgPost-consumer recycled material, mass-% of productBiogenic material, mass-% of productBiogenic material1, kg C/declared unit
Portland cement CPC 40329.08000
Gravel limestone 20 mm744.05000
Crushed sand 429.33000
River Sand201.83000
Water223.53000
Gravel 40mm227.13000
Gravel 20mm 56.85000
Gravel 40 mm 77.91000
Others2.79000
Total2292.5000
Note 11 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2

LCA information

EPD based on declared or functional unitDeclared unit
Declared unit and reference flow1 m3 of Ready-mix Concrete manufactured by Cruz Azul at the PIVA plant, Mexico 2024. Volume: 1 m3
Conversion factor to mass2292.5
Are infrastructure or capital goods included in any upstream, core or downstream processes?
Datasources used for this EPDecoinvent database (general) ecoinvent 3.10 database
LCA SoftwareSimaPro SimaPro 9.6
Version of the EN 15804 reference packageEF Reference Package 3.1
Characterisation methods• Global Warming Potential, GWP100, EN 15804. Version: EF 3.1, February 2023. • Acidification potential, AP, accumulated exceedence, EN 15804. Version: February 2023. • Eutrophication potential (EP) Version 2.0 of the default list of indicators (valid from 2022-03-29) • Photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP), POCP, LOTOS-EUROS as applied in ReCiPe, EN • 15804. Version: February 2023. • Ozone depletion potential (ODP), EN 15804. Version: February 2023. • Abiotic depletion potential (ADP) for minerals and metals (non-fossil resources), ADP minerals & • metals, EN 15804. Version: February 2023. • Abiotic depletion potential (ADP) for fossil resources, ADP fossil resources, EN 15804. Version: August • 2021. • Water deprivation potential (WDP), (Available water remaining (AWARE) method), EN 15804.
Technology description including background systemThe concrete complies with the requirements for class 1 concrete in accordance with the Construction Regulations of Mexico City and complies with ACI-302 and ACI-360 recommendations
Scrap (recycled material) inputs contribution levelLess than 10% of the GWP-GHG results in modules A1-A3 come from scrap inputs

Data quality assessment

Description of data quality assessment and reference yearsData quality mainly Good and Very good, reference year 2024
Data quality assessment
Process nameSource typeSourceReference yearData categoryShare of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3
Consumption of raw materialsCollected dataEPD owner2024Primary24%
Consumption and generation of electricityCollected data/ DatabaseEPD owner/ Ecoinvent V 3.102024Primary6%
Distance and type of transport of raw materials and inputs to the manufacturing siteCollected dataEPD owner/ Ecoinvent V 3.102024Primary, Secondary3%
Transport distance for waste disposal and treatmentDatabaseEcoinvent V 3.102024Primary, Secondary1%
Total share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A334%
The share of primary data is calculated based on GWP-GHG results. It is a simplified indicator for data quality that supports the use of more primary data to increase the representativeness of and comparability between EPDs. Note that the indicator does not capture all relevant aspects of data quality and is not comparable across product categories.
Electricity data
Electricity used in the manufacturing process in A3 (A5 for services)
Type of electricity mixSpecific electricity mix as generated, or purchased from an electricity supplier, demonstrated by a contractual instrument
Energy sourcesHydro13.75%
Wind5.11%
Solar4.26%
Biomass0.01%
Geothermal1.02%
Waste0%
Nuclear3.43%
Natural gas61.78%
Coal4.45%
Oil0.58%
Peat5.61%
Other0%
GWP-GHG intensity (kg CO2 eq./kWh)0.44 kg CO2 eq./kWh
CO2 uptake associated with carbonation and its assumptions
Production stage (module A)Excluded
Use stage (module B)Excluded
End-of-Life stage (module C)Excluded
Beyond product life cycle (Module D)Excluded

System boundary

Description of the system boundarya) Cradle to gate with modules C1-C4 and module D (A1-A3 + C + D).
Excluded modulesYes, there is an excluded module, or there are excluded modules
Justification for the omission of modulesA4, A5 and B module: Optional

Declared modules

Product stageConstruction process stageUse stageEnd of life stageBeyond product life cycle
Raw material supplyTransportManufacturingTransport to siteConstruction installationUseMaintenanceRepairReplacementRefurbishmentOperational energy useOperational water useDe-construction demolitionTransportWaste processingDisposalReuse-Recovery-Recycling-potential
ModuleA1A2A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Modules declaredXXXNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDXXXXX
GeographyMexicoMexicoMexicoN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AMexicoMexicoMexicoMexicoMexico
Share of specific data34%--------------
Variation - products30%--------------
Variation - sites0%--------------
DisclaimerThe share of specific/primary data and both variations (products and sites) refer to GWP-GHG results only.

Process flow diagram(s) related images

Additional scenario 0

Name of the additional scenario100% Recycling / 100 % landfil
Description of the additional scenarioIn this combined alternative scenario, end-of-life treatment was modelled based on a scenario in which 100% of the concrete is recovered and recycled and a scenario in which 100% of the concrete is disposed of in a landfill.

Module C: End-of-life

Description of the additional scenario in module CIn this combined alternative scenario, end-of-life treatment was modelled based on a scenario in which 100% of the concrete is recovered and recycled, which is reported in C3, and a scenario in which 100% of the concrete reported in C4 is disposed of in a landfill. These 100% alternative scenarios are not representative of the geographical context. Both scenarios are reported in the section ‘Results for additional scenarios for modules A4-C4’ as C3 and C4, respectively.

Module D: Beyond product life cycle

Description of the additional scenario in module DModule D does not present an alternative scenario.

Default scenario

Name of the default scenarioEnd of life stage (modules C1, C2, C3, C4).
Description of the default scenarioThese lifecycle stages include fuel consumption for the demolition of 1 m3 of concrete

Module C: End-of-life

Explanatory name of the default scenario in module CEnd of Life Stage
Brief description of the default scenario in module CThese lifecycle stages include fuel consumption for demolition of 1 m3 of concrete
Description of the default scenario in module CThese lifecycle stages include fuel consumption for the demolition of 1 m3 of concrete, transport of waste to recycling and sanitary landfill, processing of deconstruction waste for recycling and disposal of waste in sanitary landfill. Module C1: only fuel consumption for demolition or deconstruction of 1 m3 of concrete was considered. Therefore, multiplying the demolition hours by the yield gives the fuel (diesel) consumption in liters during the demolition of the building. In addition, the calorific value of diesel, which is 45.97 MJ/kg, was taken into account, resulting in an equivalent of 28.67 MJ of diesel. This was taken into account when preparing the inventory for this stage. Module C2: considers the transport of waste generated, where 20% of the material is recycled and 80% is disposed of in landfills, according to data in Mexico. A distance of 250 km is assumed for the final disposal site and the recycling site in a 32-metric-tonne vehicle. Module C3: it is considered that 458.3 kg of Concrete demolition is recovered and sent for recycling. Module C4: it was considered that 1833.4 kg are sent to landfill.

Module D: Beyond product life cycle

Explanatory name of the default scenario in module DResource recovery stage
Brief description of the default scenario in module DResource recovery stage
Description of the default scenario in module DAvoided loads and benefits were estimated based on a hypothetical scenario. For the purposes of Module D, a theoretical substitution was modelled in which the sand used as part of the cement raw materials is replaced by steel scrap residue. This substitution does not occur in the real manufacturing process; it is only an assumed scenario used to evaluate the potential avoided burdens when recovered materials are used instead of virgin inputs.

Environmental performance

The estimated impact results are only relative statements, which do not indicate the endpoints of the impact categories, exceeding threshold values, safety margins and/or risks.

Mandatory environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804

Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Climate change - totalGWP-totalkg CO2 eq.3.30E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND7.70E+02.20E+14.20E+02.30E+02.50E+1
Climate change - fossilGWP-fossilkg CO2 eq.3.30E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND7.70E+02.20E+14.20E+02.30E+02.50E+1
Climate change - biogenicGWP-biogenickg CO2 eq.2.60E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.30E-41.00E-31.90E-49.80E-52.00E-2
Climate change - land use and land-use changeGWP-luluckg CO2 eq.4.10E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.70E-47.00E-41.20E-47.80E-51.60E-3
Ozone depletionODPkg CFC-11 eq.1.80E-6NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.20E-73.10E-77.70E-83.60E-85.60E-8
AcidificationAPmol H+ eq.1.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND7.20E-27.90E-23.20E-22.10E-25.90E-2
Eutrophication aquatic freshwaterEP-freshwaterkg P eq.3.30E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND7.30E-65.20E-59.90E-62.10E-62.20E-4
Eutrophication aquatic marineEP-marinekg N eq.3.20E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.40E-23.20E-21.50E-21.00E-21.70E-2
Eutrophication terrestrialEP-terrestrialmol N eq.3.60E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.70E-13.50E-11.60E-11.10E-12.00E-1
Photochemical ozone formationPOCPkg NMVOC eq.9.90E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.10E-11.10E-14.90E-23.30E-25.20E-2
Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metalsADP-minerals&metals1kg Sb eq.5.90E-4NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.20E-71.30E-61.50E-79.50E-85.10E-5
Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuelsADP-fossil1MJ, net calorific value1.80E+3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.00E+22.90E+25.90E+13.00E+19.10E+1
Water useWDP1m3 world eq. deprived3.80E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND8.00E-22.60E-11.20E-12.40E-21.10E+0
AcronymsGWP-fossil = Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic = Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-marine = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential, Accumulated Exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-minerals&metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Abiotic depletion for fossil resources potential; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted water consumption
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).
Disclaimer 1The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator

Additional mandatory environmental performance indicators

Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Climate change - GWP-GHGGWP-GHG1kg CO2 eq.3.30E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND7.70E+02.20E+14.20E+02.30E+02.50E+1
AcronymsGWP-GHG = Global warming potential greenhouse gas.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).
Disclaimer 1The GWP-GHG indicator is termed GWP-IOBC/GHG in the ILCD+EPD+ data format. The indicator accounts for all greenhouse gases except biogenic carbon dioxide uptake and emissions and biogenic carbon stored in the product. As such, the indicator is identical to GWP-total except that the CF for biogenic CO2 is set to zero.

Additional voluntary environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804

Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Particulate matter emissionsPMDisease incidence1.05E-5NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.10E-61.90E-68.80E-76.10E-74.30E-7
Ionizing radiation - human healthIRP1kBq U235 eq.1.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND9.10E-32.00E-24.90E-22.70E-34.00E-2
Eco-toxicity - freshwaterETP-fw2CTUe4.95E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.50E+02.00E+11.60E+01.00E+02.80E+1
Human toxicity - cancer effectsHTP-c2CTUh1.49E-7NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND7.70E-91.80E-74.50E-92.30E-91.30E-7
Human toxicity - non-cancer effectsHTP-nc2CTUh1.76E-6NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND5.40E-101.90E-92.70E-101.60E-105.40E-9
Land-use related impacts/soil qualitySQP2Dimensionless1.06E+3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.20E-11.20E+01.80E-16.30E-21.00E+1
AcronymsPM = Potential incidence of disease due to particulate matter emissions; IRP = Potential human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems; HTP-c = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; HTP-nc = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; SQP = Potential soil quality index.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).
Disclaimer 1This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator.
Disclaimer 2The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator.

Resource use indicators according to EN 15804

IndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
PEREMJ, net calorific value6.40E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.30E-14.70E-12.50E+06.70E-23.80E+0
PERMMJ, net calorific value2.10E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+0-4.20E-10.00E+00.00E+0
PERTMJ, net calorific value6.60E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.30E-14.70E-12.10E+06.70E-23.80E+0
PENREMJ, net calorific value1.80E+3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.10E+23.10E+27.50E+13.20E+19.70E+1
PENRMMJ, net calorific value6.00E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+0-1.20E+10.00E+00.00E+0
PENRTMJ, net calorific value1.90E+3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.10E+23.10E+26.30E+13.20E+19.70E+1
SMkg0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
RSFMJ, net calorific value0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
NRSFMJ, net calorific value0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
FWm3-4.40E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND-1.50E-2-4.30E-2-2.60E-2-4.30E-3-2.00E-1
AcronymsPERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy re-sources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Waste indicators according to EN 15804

IndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
HWDkg7.82E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND7.00E-42.00E-33.60E-42.10E-42.40E-4
NHWDkg4.34E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.00E-31.20E-22.00E-38.70E-41.30E-2
RWDkg6.24E-4NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND5.20E-61.00E-52.00E-51.50E-62.50E-5
AcronymsHWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Output flow indicators according to EN 15804

IndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
CRUkg0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
MFRkg4.58E+2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+06.50E+20.00E+09.80E+2
MERkg0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
EEEMJ, net calorific value0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
EETMJ, net calorific value0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
AcronymsCRU = Components for re-use; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EEE = Exported electrical energy; EET = Exported thermal energy.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Results for additional scenarios for modules A4-C4

Additional scenario100% Recycling / 100 % landfil
Results for additional scenarios for modules A4-C4
Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Water useWDPm3 world eq. deprivedNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND8.47E-13.94E-1ND
Climate change - totalGWP-totalkg CO2 eq.NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND4.34E+13.42E+1ND
Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuelsADP-fossil1MJ, net calorific valueNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND5.89E+24.53E+2ND
Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metalsADP-minerals&metals1kg Sb eq.NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.91E-61.83E-6ND
Photochemical ozone formationPOCPkg NMVOC eq. NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND4.33E-12.76E-1ND
Eutrophication terrestrialEP-terrestrialmol N eq.NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.42E+08.92E-1ND
Eutrophication aquatic marineEP-marinekg N eq.NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.29E-18.14E-2ND
Eutrophication aquatic freshwaterEP-freshwaterkg P eq.NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND9.15E-56.65E-5ND
AcidificationAPmol H+ eq.NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND2.87E-11.85E-1ND
Ozone depletionODPkg CFC-11 eq.NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND7.14E-75.06E-7ND
Climate change - land use and land-use changeGWP-luluckg CO2 eq.NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.34E-31.12E-3ND
Climate change - biogenicGWP-biogenickg CO2 eq.NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.96E-31.57E-3ND
Climate change - fossilGWP-fossilkg CO2 eq.NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND4.34E+13.42E+1ND
Acronyms GWP-total; GWP-fossil; GWP-biogenic; GWP-luluc; ODP; AP; EP-freshwater; EP-marine; EP-terrestrial; POCP; ADP-minerals&metals; ADP-fossil; WDP
Disclaimers1: The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Information related to EPDs of multiple products

Description of how the averages have been determinedProduction-weighted average

Abbreviations

CADIS - Center for Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainable Design

CO2 - Carbon dioxide

c-PCR – Complementary Product Category Rules

EPD- Environmental Product Declaration

GHG - Greenhouse Gases

GWP - Global warming potential 

LCA - Life Cycle Assessment

PCR - Product Category Rules

PIVA - Parque Industrial del Valle de Aguascalientes

References

• BIEE. (2023). Base de Indicadores de Eficiencia Energética de México. Obtained from https://www.biee-conuee.net/site/index.php

• Center for Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainable Design (CADIS). (2023). Estimation of average distances based on Google Maps data. Internal report.

• c-PCR 2019:14 Concrete and concrete elements V 1.0.0. (4 de 08 de 2025). EPD System. Obtained from https://www.environdec.com/

• Frischknecht Rolf. (2007). Implementation of Life Cycle Impact Assessment Methods. Ecoinvent report No. 3.

• Goedkoop, M., Oele, M., Schryver, A., & Vieira, M. (2008). SimaPro Database Manual. Methods Library. Obtained from May 2, 2011, from http://www.pre.nl/content/manuals

• Huijbregts, M. A., Steinmann, Z. J., Elshout, P. M., Stam, G., Verones, F., Vieira, M. D., van Zelm, R. (2017). ReCiPe 2016 v1.1. A harmonized life cycle impact assessment method at midpoint and endpoint level Report I: Characterization. Bilthoven, The Netherlands: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment.

• IMNC. (2008). NMX-SAA-14040-IMNC Gestión ambiental - Análisis de ciclo de vida - Principios y marco de referencia. México, D.F.: IMNC.

• ISO 14025. (2006). Environmental labels and declarations — Type III environmental declarations — Principles and procedures. Swiss: International Organization for Standardization.

• ISO 14044. (2006). Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines. Suiza: International Organization for Standarization.

• Mexican Chamber of the Construction Industry (CMIC). (2014). Management Plan for Construction and Demolition Waste (PM-RCD). Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT). Retrieved from https://www.cmic.org.mx/comisiones/Sectoriales/medioambiente/Flayer/PM%20RCD%20Completo.pdf

• PCR 2019:14 Construction Products V 2.0.1. (5 de 06 de 2025). EPD System. Obtained from https://www.environdec.com/

• Tecorralco, A. and Coto, G. (2025). Life Cycle Assessment of Ready-mix Concrete manufactured by Concretos Cruz Azul for Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainable Design – CADIS.

• The International EPD System. (2025). General Programme Instructions for The International EPD System. Version 5.0.1. Published on 2025-02-27.

Version history

EPD-IES-0026371:001, 2025-12-15

  • Original version of the EPD.