EPD-IES-0026253:002
Manual Valves
Cimberio S.p.A. manufactures a comprehensive range of non-motorized brass valves designed for hydraulic, heating, and industrial applications. These manually operated valves are built from high-quality brass to ensure reliability, long lasting and resistance to corrosion. Among the key products are ball valves, check valves, and balancing valves, all engineered for straightforward and safe manual operation.
General information
| EPD Owner | Cimberio S.p.a |
|---|---|
| Registration number | EPD-IES-0026253:002 |
| PCR | 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) 2.0.1 |
| Status | Valid |
| Publication date | 2025-10-24 |
| Valid until | 2030-10-24 |
| EN 15804 compliant | Yes |
| Geographical scope | Global |
Product images
Programme information
| Programme | International EPD System |
|---|---|
| Address | EPD International AB Box 210 60 SE-100 31 Stockholm Sweden |
| Website | www.environdec.com |
| support@environdec.com |
Product category rules
| CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the Core Product Category Rules (PCR) | |
| Product Category Rules (PCR) | PCR 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) (2.0.1) |
|---|---|
| PCR review was conducted by | The Technical Committee of the International EPD System. See www.environdec.com for a list of members. Review chair: Rob Rouwette (chair), Noa Meron (co-chair). The review panel may be contacted via the Secretariat www.environdec.com/support. |
Verification
| LCA accountability | contatti@nexta.bureauveritas.com, contatti@nexta.bureauveritas.com, Cimberio S.p.a |
|---|---|
| Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006, via | |
| Third-party verifier | Vito D’Incognito (Take Care International) |
| Approved by | International EPD System |
| Procedure for follow-up of data during EPD validity involves third party verifier | |
| *EPD Process Certification involves an accredited certification body certifying and periodically auditing the EPD process and conducting external and independent verification of EPDs that are regularly published. More information can be found in the General Programme Instructions on www.envrondec.com. | |
Ownership and limitation on use of EPD
Limitations
EPDs within the same product category but published in different EPD programmes, may not be comparable. For two EPDs to be comparable, they shall be based on the same PCR (including the same first-digit version number) or be based on fully aligned PCRs or versions of PCRs; cover products with identical functions, technical performances and use (e.g. identical declared/functional units); have identical scope in terms of included life-cycle stages (unless the excluded life-cycle stage is demonstrated to be insignificant); apply identical impact assessment methods (including the same version of characterisation factors); and be valid at the time of comparison.
Ownership
The EPD Owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD.
Information about EPD Owner
| EPD Owner | Cimberio S.p.a |
|---|---|
| Contact person name | Tiziano Guidetti |
| Contact person e-mail | tguidetti@cimberio.it |
| Organisation address | Italy San Maurizio D'Opaglio 28017 Via Torchio 57 |
Description of the organisation of the EPD Owner
Cimberio S.p.A. is an Italian company specializing in the design and production of valves and components for plumbing, heating, air conditioning, and industrial systems. Founded in 1957 and headquartered in San Maurizio d’Opaglio, Italy. The company offers a wide range of products, including ball valves, check valves, balancing valves, and thermostatic valves, serving both residential and commercial markets. With a strong international presence, Cimberio S.p.A. combines advanced manufacturing techniques with strict quality control to meet the highest standards of performance and reliability.
Organisation logo
Product information
| Product name | Manual Valves |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Metal valves non-motorized |
| Product description | Cimberio S.p.A. manufactures a comprehensive range of non-motorized brass valves designed for hydraulic, heating, and industrial applications. These manually operated valves are built from high-quality brass to ensure reliability, long lasting and resistance to corrosion. Among the key products are ball valves, check valves, and balancing valves, all engineered for straightforward and safe manual operation. |
| Technical purpose of product | Cimberio’s brass valves stand out for their precise construction and compliance with performance standards. They are widely used in both residential and industrial systems—for potable water distribution as well as thermal fluid control—and are valued for their versatility and ease of installation |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | The production process begins with the manufacturing of raw brass and bronze components, which are created through casting and hot forging-operations performed by external subcontractors. Once these raw pieces are delivered, they undergo mechanical processing and are subsequently assembled with various valve components, such as handles, gaskets, balls, and fittings. Depending on the specific type of valve being produced, certain parts and components may receive additional surface treatments, including chrome plating or powder coating, to enhance durability and performance. |
| Material properties | Volumetric mass density: 8730 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | Cimberio S.p.A Via Verdi 13 Italy Pogno 28076 |
| Manufacturing site 2 | Cimberio S.p.A Via Torchio 57 Italy San Maurizio D'Opaglio 28017 |
| UN CPC code | 415. Semi-finished products of copper, nickel, aluminium, lead, zinc and tin or their alloys |
| Geographical scope | Global |
| Actual or technical lifespan | 10 year(s) |
Content declaration
| Content declaration of multiple products | For each material, the total quantity used in all valves was calculated and expressed as a proportion of the overall weight of the sampled valves. In this approach, each BoM contributes to the average according to both the valve’s total weight and the relative amount of each material it contains. This method ensures that the resulting composition represents a “average valve”, reflecting the diversity of material mixes and the varying masses of the valve types considered. |
|---|---|
| Hazardous and toxic substances | The product contains substances from the SVHC candidate list in concentrations exceeding 0.1% of its weight. |
| Content name | Mass, kg | Post-consumer recycled material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CW617N-DW | 0.48 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CC491K | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CW511L-DW | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CC770S | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CW602N-M | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CW614N | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CC754S | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Steel | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aluminium | 0.02 | 1.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Plastic | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other materials | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 1 | 1.40 | 0 | 0 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | |||
| Material name | Mass, kg | Mass-% (versus the product) | Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paper | 0.05 | 4.4 | 0.02 |
| Wood | 0.01 | 0.9 | 0.01 |
| Plastic | 0.01 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Total | 0.07 | 5.60 | 0.03 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | ||
| Hazardous/Toxic substances | EC No. | CAS No. | Mass per functional or declared unit % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lead | 231-100-4 | 7439-92-1 | 1.7 |
LCA information
| EPD based on declared or functional unit | Declared unit |
|---|---|
| Declared unit and reference flow | 1 kg of manual valves Mass: 1 kg |
| Conversion factor to mass | 1 |
| Are infrastructure or capital goods included in any upstream, core or downstream processes? | |
| Datasources used for this EPD | ecoinvent database (general) ecoinvent 3.10 database |
| LCA Software | SimaPro SimaPro 9.6 |
| Version of the EN 15804 reference package | EF Reference Package 3.1 |
| Characterisation methods | EN 15804+A2 (version 1.01), LHV Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) (version 1.01), ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H), version 1.09, EDIP 2003 version 1.07 |
| Technology description including background system | Manual valves. Families included: Balancing valves, ball valves, valves for aqueduct use, mini ball cocks, gas valves and industrial valves. The declared unit is defined as 1 kg of average valves. The average content declaration was determined through a weighted average across different bills of materials (BoMs). For each material, the total quantity used in all valves was calculated and expressed as a proportion of the overall weight of the sampled valves. In this approach, each BoM contributes to the average according to both the valve’s total weight and the relative amount of each material it contains. The valves stand out for their precise construction and compliance with performance standards. They are widely used in both residential and industrial systems—for potable water distribution as well as thermal fluid control—and are valued for their versatility and ease of installation. |
| Scrap (recycled material) inputs contribution level | Less than 10% of the GWP-GHG results in modules A1-A3 come from scrap inputs |
Data quality assessment
| Description of data quality assessment and reference years | The quality of the data used for this EPD, in terms of time, geography and technology representativeness according to EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, Annex E, E2, is considered fair. Primary data refer to 2023, with data collection carried out at the beginning of 2024. For some processes, generic and proxy data from Ecoinvent 3.11 were used to ensure methodological consistency. Proxy data refer to modified or combined datasets adjusted to better represent specific materials and manufacturing conditions |
|---|
| Process name | Source type | Source | Reference year | Data category | Share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raw material valve | Database | Ecoinvent 3.11 | 2023 | Secondary data | 16.3% |
| Raw material packaging | Database | Ecoinvent 3.11 | 2023 | Primary data | 0.9% |
| Transport raw material | Database | Ecoinvent 3.11 | 2023 | Primary data | 0.5% |
| Transport packaging | Database | Ecoinvent 3.11 | 2023 | Primary data | 3.5% |
| Transports Subcontractors | Database | Ecoinvent 3.11 | 2023 | Primary data | 0.2% |
| Energy (Phv, Gas, W) | Database | Ecoinvent 3.11 | 2023 | Primary data | 1.3% |
| Electricity | Database | Ecoinvent 3.11 | 2023 | Primary data | 4.3% |
| Metal Working | Database | Ecoinvent 3.11 | 2023 | Secondary data | 0.09% |
| Transport waste | Database | Ecoinvent 3.11 | 2023 | Primary data | 0.2% |
| Waste treatment | Database | Ecoinvent 3.11 | 2023 | Primary data | 0.1% |
| Total share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 | 27.39% | ||||
| The share of primary data is calculated based on GWP-GHG results. It is a simplified indicator for data quality that supports the use of more primary data to increase the representativeness of and comparability between EPDs. Note that the indicator does not capture all relevant aspects of data quality and is not comparable across product categories. | |||||
| Electricity used in the manufacturing process in A3 (A5 for services) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type of electricity mix | Residual electricity mix on the market | |
| Energy sources | Hydro | 0% |
| Wind | 0.43% | |
| Solar | 6.21% | |
| Biomass | 0.63% | |
| Geothermal | 0% | |
| Waste | 0% | |
| Nuclear | 4.4% | |
| Natural gas | 58.22% | |
| Coal | 22.72% | |
| Oil | 3.76% | |
| Peat | 0.05% | |
| Other | 3.57% | |
| GWP-GHG intensity (kg CO2 eq./kWh) | 0.68 kg CO2 eq./kWh | |
| Method used to calculate residual electricity mix | Residual electricity mix on the Italian market |
|---|
System boundary
| Description of the system boundary | b) Cradle to gate with options, modules C1-C4, module D and with optional modules (A1-A3 + C + D and additional modules). |
|---|---|
| Excluded modules | Yes, there is an excluded module, or there are excluded modules |
| Justification for the omission of modules | B modules are excluded from the analyses since no use phase maintenance, repair or replacement and energy consumption is expected during the technical lifetime |
Declared modules
| Product stage | Construction process stage | Use stage | End of life stage | Beyond product life cycle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raw material supply | Transport | Manufacturing | Transport to site | Construction installation | Use | Maintenance | Repair | Replacement | Refurbishment | Operational energy use | Operational water use | De-construction demolition | Transport | Waste processing | Disposal | Reuse-Recovery-Recycling-potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Module | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modules declared | X | X | X | X | X | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geography | Europe | Europe | Italy | Global | Global | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Global | Global | Global | Global | Global | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share of specific data | 27% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - products | 46% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - sites | 0% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer | The share of specific/primary data and both variations (products and sites) refer to GWP-GHG results only. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Process flow diagram(s) related images
Default scenario
| Name of the default scenario | Cradle-to-grave scenario with landfill of products |
|---|---|
| Description of the default scenario | The LCA study, applying a cradle-to-gate with option methodology (A1-A3, A4, A5, C1-C4 and D). B modules are excluded from the analyses since no use phase maintenance, repair or replacement and energy consumption is expected during the technical lifetime. At the end of their service life, valves are manually removed from the system and undergo a structured end-of-life process. This begins with the deconstruction phase, through the use of diesel building machine (C1: 100%), followed by the transportation of all valves to the appropriate dismantling and treatment locations (C2). All valves dismantled have been sent to the sanitary landfill (C4: 100%). Some materials, instead, are sent for incineration with energy recovery (waste from packaging sent to incineration as disposal, Module A5). |
Module A4: Transport to the building site
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module A4 | Global transport |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module A4 | Destination according to clients |
| Description of the default scenario in module A4 | For module A4 the downstream national transport, the distance has been calculated using the postcode of the final Italian destination. For international shipping instead, the distance has been calculated considering the city of the final destination. It has been reproportioned the weight of each transport with the sum of total production and the raw weight of packaging |
Module A5: Installation in the building
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module A5 | Installation |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module A5 | Installation in residential and industrial systems |
| Description of the default scenario in module A5 | For module A5, transport and waste disposal was considered. About the transport of packaging waste, an estimated 80 km. Since the installation is manual, a zero impact was considered. For the disposal of packaging, these have been grouped into four categories: 1. Waste paperboard; 2. Waste boxboard; 3. Waste plastic; 4. Waste wood. Most of products have been distributed in Europe (more than 80% of total distribution), so it plausible representative the EoL in Europe. |
Module C: End-of-life
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module C | Landfill |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module C | Dismantling of valves |
| Description of the default scenario in module C | At the end of their service life, valves are manually removed from the system and undergo a structured end-of-life process. This begins with the deconstruction phase, through the use of diesel building machine (C1: 100%), followed by the transportation of all valves to the appropriate dismantling and treatment locations (C2). All valves dismantled have been sent to the sanitary landfill (C4: 100%). |
Reference service life
| Description of the default scenario in reference service life | Average RSL of 10 years |
|---|
Module D: Beyond product life cycle
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module D | Module D |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module D | Benefits and loads of potential second life |
| Description of the default scenario in module D | In module D a substitution logic is applied ("avoided burden" approach), where benefits are calculated on the basis of the amount of recycled materials or recovered energy, assuming that they can replace virgin resources. It has been used data Eurostat to compute weight of recycled packaging. |
Environmental performance
The estimated impact results are only relative statements, which do not indicate the endpoints of the impact categories, exceeding threshold values, safety margins and/or risks.
Mandatory environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | 1.02E+1 | 1.33E+0 | 1.03E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.99E-4 | 1.89E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 4.79E-1 | -4.55E-3 |
| Climate change - fossil | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | 1.01E+1 | 1.32E+0 | 6.01E-3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.99E-4 | 1.89E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 1.19E-1 | -6.70E-3 |
| Climate change - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | 1.10E-1 | 3.76E-4 | 4.33E-3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.07E-8 | 3.81E-6 | 0.00E+0 | 3.60E-1 | 2.17E-3 |
| Climate change - land use and land-use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | 1.93E-2 | 5.76E-4 | 1.35E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4.08E-8 | 5.89E-6 | 0.00E+0 | 1.12E-5 | -1.77E-5 |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | 1.55E-5 | 1.94E-8 | 6.27E-11 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.92E-12 | 4.14E-10 | 0.00E+0 | 5.42E-10 | -2.14E-10 |
| Acidification | AP | mol H+ eq. | 4.45E-1 | 1.64E-2 | 1.73E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.56E-6 | 3.83E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 2.39E-4 | -2.83E-5 |
| Eutrophication aquatic freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | 3.34E-3 | 1.38E-5 | 7.31E-8 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.39E-9 | 1.37E-7 | 0.00E+0 | 8.50E-6 | -3.50E-7 |
| Eutrophication aquatic marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | 2.62E-2 | 3.46E-3 | 1.30E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.66E-6 | 8.81E-6 | 0.00E+0 | 2.07E-3 | -3.45E-6 |
| Eutrophication terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | 3.67E-1 | 3.86E-2 | 6.77E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.82E-5 | 9.77E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 7.33E-4 | -4.13E-5 |
| Photochemical ozone formation | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | 1.02E-1 | 1.20E-2 | 2.60E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.43E-6 | 6.13E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 3.20E-4 | -2.33E-5 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metals | ADP-minerals&metals1 | kg Sb eq. | 3.66E-3 | 2.63E-6 | 1.59E-8 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.42E-10 | 6.44E-8 | 0.00E+0 | 3.97E-8 | -5.09E-8 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuels | ADP-fossil1 | MJ, net calorific value | 1.26E+2 | 1.76E+1 | 4.81E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.19E-3 | 2.66E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 3.64E-1 | -1.72E-1 |
| Water use | WDP1 | m3 world eq. deprived | 6.05E+0 | 6.29E-2 | 3.82E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.11E-5 | 9.44E-4 | 0.00E+0 | -5.44E-4 | -1.51E-3 |
| Acronyms | GWP-fossil = Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic = Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-marine = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential, Accumulated Exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-minerals&metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Abiotic depletion for fossil resources potential; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted water consumption | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator | ||||||||||||||||
Additional mandatory environmental performance indicators
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - GWP-GHG | GWP-GHG1 | kg CO2 eq. | 1.02E+1 | 1.33E+0 | 7.63E-3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.99E-4 | 1.89E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 4.79E-1 | -6.74E-3 |
| Acronyms | GWP-GHG = Global warming potential greenhouse gas. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The GWP-GHG indicator is termed GWP-IOBC/GHG in the ILCD+EPD+ data format. The indicator accounts for all greenhouse gases except biogenic carbon dioxide uptake and emissions and biogenic carbon stored in the product. As such, the indicator is identical to GWP-total except that the CF for biogenic CO2 is set to zero. | ||||||||||||||||
Additional voluntary environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Particulate matter emissions | PM | Disease incidence | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Ionizing radiation - human health | IRP1 | kBq U235 eq. | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Eco-toxicity - freshwater | ETP-fw2 | CTUe | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Human toxicity - cancer effects | HTP-c2 | CTUh | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Human toxicity - non-cancer effects | HTP-nc2 | CTUh | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Land-use related impacts/soil quality | SQP2 | Dimensionless | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | PM = Potential incidence of disease due to particulate matter emissions; IRP = Potential human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems; HTP-c = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; HTP-nc = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; SQP = Potential soil quality index. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 2 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
Resource use indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERE | MJ, net calorific value | 2.53E+1 | 3.82E-1 | 5.77E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.46E-5 | 4.71E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 2.14E-2 | -2.35E-2 |
| PERM | MJ, net calorific value | 6.78E-1 | 0.00E+0 | -5.61E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -1.95E-2 |
| PERT | MJ, net calorific value | 2.60E+1 | 3.82E-1 | 1.55E-3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.46E-5 | 4.71E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 2.14E-2 | -4.29E-2 |
| PENRE | MJ, net calorific value | 1.25E+2 | 1.76E+1 | 7.26E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.44E-3 | 2.66E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 3.64E-1 | -1.42E-1 |
| PENRM | MJ, net calorific value | 4.69E-1 | 0.00E+0 | -2.45E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -2.97E-2 |
| PENRT | MJ, net calorific value | 1.26E+2 | 1.76E+1 | 4.81E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.44E-3 | 2.66E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 3.64E-1 | -1.72E-1 |
| SM | kg | 2.59E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| RSF | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| NRSF | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| FW | m3 | 1.75E-1 | 2.19E-3 | 3.51E-6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.66E-7 | 3.23E-5 | 0.00E+0 | -3.02E-3 | -7.14E-5 |
| Acronyms | PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy re-sources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Waste indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HWD | kg | 4.93E-3 | 1.03E-4 | 3.28E-7 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.61E-8 | 1.80E-6 | 0.00E+0 | 2.28E-6 | -1.65E-6 |
| NHWD | kg | 1.42E+0 | 4.02E-1 | 4.93E-3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.50E-6 | 1.08E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 1.00E+0 | -2.29E-4 |
| RWD | kg | 2.83E-4 | 7.69E-6 | 3.58E-8 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.43E-10 | 9.61E-8 | 0.00E+0 | 6.70E-7 | -6.07E-7 |
| Acronyms | HWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Output flow indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRU | kg | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MFR | kg | 1.59E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 4.19E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MER | kg | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| EEE | MJ, net calorific value | 9.87E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 1.00E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| EET | MJ, net calorific value | 1.33E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 2.06E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | CRU = Components for re-use; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EEE = Exported electrical energy; EET = Exported thermal energy. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Information related to EPDs of multiple products
| Justification for why this is representative | The results presented in this EPD represent the average environmental impacts of the family of general valves. Each valve was individually modeled, and the final results were obtained by averaging the impacts of all valves included in the study. For the modelling of each valve, Bill of Materials (BoM) data were used as the primary source for raw materials, raw material transport, and part of the outsourced processing. This approach ensured that inputs and outputs were attributed according to the specific material composition of each product, allowing for a precise and transparent allocation of environmental loads throughout the life cycle. For other life cycle aspects—such as energy consumption, product and transport packaging, waste management, transport of the finished product, and the remaining share of outsourced processing—a physical repartition strategy was applied. These inputs were distributed based on measurable parameters, specifically the mass of total production (manual and motorized valves, in kg), ensuring methodological consistency across all modules (A1–A5, C1–C4, and D). After calculating the environmental impact of each valve, the results were normalized to 1 kg of manual valve, ensuring comparability among different models. The average impact was then calculated by aggregating the results of all valves included in the study. To assess the robustness and representativeness of the averaged values, a sensitivity analysis was performed by identifying, for the main impact categories, the minimum and maximum results obtained among all valves and calculating the percentage difference between them. |
|---|
Abbreviations
EN European Norm (Standard)
EPD Environmental Product Declaration
EF Environmental Footprint
GPI General Programme Instructions
ISO International Organization for Standardization
LCA Life Cycle Assessment
PCR Product Category Rules
c-PCR Complementary Product Category Rules
CEN European Committee for Standardization
CPC Central product classification
SVHC Substances of Very High Concern
References
General Programme Instructions of International EPD System. version 5.0.1 released 2025/02/27
PCR 2019:14, Construction Products, Version 2.0.1 (2025). www.environdec.com.
UNI EN ISO 14040 - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework
UNI EN ISO 14044 - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines
ISO 14025:2006 Environmental labels and declarations — Type III environmental declarations — Principles and procedures
European Platform for LCA. Annex_C_V2.1_May2020
Prè Sustainability. (2025). Simapro 10.2.0.2
Cimberio LCA Report_V03
Sustainability of Construction Works - Environmental Declarations - Core Rules for the Product category of Construction Products, (EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021) (2021).
Wernet, G., Bauer, C., Steubing, B., Reinhard, J., Moreno-Ruiz, E., and Weidema, B., 2016. The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, [online] 21(9), pp.1218–1230. Available at: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11367-016-1087-8
AIB Residual Mix: https://www.aib-net.org/facts/european-residual-mix/2023
Metals for a Climate Neutral Europe - A 2050 Blueprint - Full report: https://eurometaux.eu/metals-blue-print-2050/
International Copper Association: Copper recycling.pdf
European Aluminium: “Recycled Content” vs. “End-of-Life Recycling Rate” (Revision 1: 26.05.2016
Version history
New EPD, original version 2025-10-24. First EPD of the product was published with program operator EPD Norge and mutually accepted as EPD S-P-02103 (valid to 2025-04-29)