EPD-IES-0019800:003

EPDM Sealing Profile

The EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) sealing profile is a durable and flexible rubber component used primarily in industrial, construction, automotive, and building applications to provide weather resistance, sound insulation, and dust sealing. Manufactured through extrusion, it offers excellent resistance to UV radiation, ozone, temperature variations, and aging, making it ideal for both indoor and outdoor environments. The product can be custom-shaped and is typically used in doors, windows, facades, and machinery to ensure long-lasting sealing performance.

General information

EPD OwnerArslan Dış Ticaret Sanayi A.Ş.
Registration numberEPD-IES-0019800:003
PCR2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) 1.3.4
StatusValid
Publication date2025-05-01
Valid until2030-04-30
EN 15804 compliantYes
Geographical scopeGlobal

Product images

Programme information

ProgrammeInternational EPD System
AddressEPD International AB Box 210 60 SE-100 31 Stockholm Sweden
Websitewww.environdec.com
E-mailsupport@environdec.com

Product category rules

CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the Core Product Category Rules (PCR)
Product Category Rules (PCR)2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) 1.3.4
PCR review was conducted byThe Technical Committee of the International EPD System. See www.environdec.com for a list of members. Review chair: Claudia A. Peña, University of Concepción, Chile. The review panel may be contacted via the Secretariat www.environdec.com/support.

Verification

LCA accountabilityburcu@ankadanismanlikltd.com, burcu@ankadanismanlikltd.com, Arslan Dış Ticaret Sanayi A.Ş.
Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006, via
Third-party verifierVladimír Kocí (LCAstudio)
Approved byInternational EPD System
Procedure for follow-up of data during EPD validity involves third party verifier
*EPD Process Certification involves an accredited certification body certifying and periodically auditing the EPD process and conducting external and independent verification of EPDs that are regularly published. More information can be found in the General Programme Instructions on www.envrondec.com.

Ownership and limitation on use of EPD

Limitations

EPDs within the same product category but registered in different EPD programmes may not be comparable. For two EPDs to be comparable, they shall be based on the same PCR (including the same version number up to the first two digits) or be based on fully-aligned PCRs or versions of PCRs; cover products with identical functions, technical performances and use (e.g. identical declared/functional units); have equivalent system boundaries and descriptions of data; apply equivalent data quality requirements, methods of data collection, and allocation methods; apply identical cut-off rules and impact assessment methods (including the same version of characterisation factors); have equivalent content declarations; and be valid at the time of comparison.

Ownership

The EPD Owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD.

Information about EPD Owner

EPD OwnerArslan Dış Ticaret Sanayi A.Ş.
Contact person nameİbrahim Arslan
Contact person e-mailibrahimarslan@arline.com.tr
Organisation addressTurkey İzmir 35860 Yazibasi Mah Izmir Aydin Caddesi D. No : 18/1, 35875 Torbali

Description of the organisation of the EPD Owner

The ARLINE COMPOSITE brand has been structured and developed by Arslan Dış Tic. A.Ş., a subsidiary of Arslan Motor, which has been active in the agricultural, forestry and garden machinery sector since its establishment in 1974. A.Ş., which has been active in the agricultural, forest and garden machinery sector since its establishment in 1974. ARLINE was designed to contribute to the country's economy and employment by producing all of its composite wood products with its own R&D and patents, all of which are domestic products. Both Arslan Motor and Arslan Dış Tic. A.Ş., both Arslan Motor and Arslan Dış Tic. A.Ş. carry out their production and sales principles with the awareness that the increase in the number of users, with whom they have been working together for years, is based on providing accurate, reliable, high quality products and meeting diversified customer needs through continuous development. ARLINE aims to add maximum benefit and value to the areas of use with the high quality achieved by the unique design and formulation of the Wood Plastic Composite products and EPDM rubber it produces in an area of 23.000m2 in line with experience of more than 48 years and the trust it has establish with its customers. Arline has been exports 98% of its production and 85% of this amount is exported to European Countries expecially to the Germany , Austria , Spain and Balkan Countries. Başlıca Müşteriler: F.W. Barth & Co. GmbH- Brand Name: TRENGARD (Germany), Walltec A/S-Brand Name: WALLTEC (Denmark)

Organisation logo

Product information

Product nameEPDM Sealing Profile
Product identificationEPDM Sealing Profiles, typically used in the construction industries for sealing, insulation, and weatherproofing applications. The profiles are made of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber and are available in various cross-sectional shapes and dimensions depending on the application. The product can be identified by its material composition (EPDM), function (sealing profile), and relevant product codes or catalog numbers provided by the manufacturer.
Product descriptionThe EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) sealing profile is a durable and flexible rubber component used primarily in industrial, construction, automotive, and building applications to provide weather resistance, sound insulation, and dust sealing. Manufactured through extrusion, it offers excellent resistance to UV radiation, ozone, temperature variations, and aging, making it ideal for both indoor and outdoor environments. The product can be custom-shaped and is typically used in doors, windows, facades, and machinery to ensure long-lasting sealing performance.
Technical purpose of productProducts are mostly used in the construction industry.
Manufacturing or service provision descriptionRubber extrusion is a downstream process that includes several stages: compounding, heating, kneading, pressurizing, extrusion. This process utilizes rubber and chemical feedstocks derived from various primary operations in the chemical and petrochemical industries. Rubber extrusion, while fundamentally straightforward, involves several detailed steps. The basic process includes feeding rubber material into the extruder, collecting the extrudate, and then cutting and splicing it to meet the client’s specifications. However, successful extrusion depends on managing numerous parameters, such as the formulation of the rubber compound, extruding conditions (including temperature and throughput rate). Precise control of these factors is essential to produce a consistent and reliable product. Products are mostly used in the construction industry.
Material propertiesArea density: 1 kg/m2
Production siteİzmir Factory Turkey İzmir 35860 Yazibasi Mah Izmir Aydin Caddesi D. No : 18/1, 35875 Torbali
UN CPC code37990. Non-metallic mineral products n.e.c. (including mineral wool, expanded mineral materials, worked mica, articles of mica, non-electrical articles of graphite or other carbon and articles of peat)
Geographical scopeGlobal

Technical characteristics and performance

Technical performance

Product name MATERIAL TYPE MATERIAL CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC / ADVANTAGESCOLORWORKING TEMPERATURE RANGE STANDARDS/REGULATION
EPDM SEALING PROFILESEPDM RUBBER (ETHYLENE PROPILENE DIENE MOMOMER)Good UV stability, High elasticity and low permanent deformation, BLACK(-)40 °C TO 120 °CDefined customer requirement / International or national standards

Content declaration

Hazardous and toxic substancesThe product does not contain any substances from the SVHC candidate list in concentrations exceeding 0.1% of its weight.
Product content
Content nameWeight, kgPost-consumer recycled material, weight-% of productBiogenic material, weight-% of productBiogenic material1, kg C/declared unit
EPDM (Etilen Propilen Dien Monomer)0.75000
PE Polietilen (Recycled)0.45000
Calcium Carbonate0.19000
ZN Stread + CN Stread0.03000
Carbon Black0.04000
Total1.46000
Note 11 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2
Packaging materials
Material nameWeight, kgWeight-% (versus the product)Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit
Wooden pallet0.060.040.99
Clear polyethylene cover0.050.030.01
Total0.110.071
Note 11 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2

LCA information

EPD based on declared or functional unitDeclared unit
Declared unit and reference flow1 m2 of EPDM Sealing Profiles Area: 1 m2
Conversion factor to mass1.46
Are infrastructure or capital goods included in any upstream, core or downstream processes?
Datasources used for this EPDecoinvent database (general) ecoinvent 3.10 database
LCA SoftwareSimaPro SimaPro 9.6
Version of the EN 15804 reference packageEF Reference Package 3.1
Technology description including background systemThe EPDM sealing profiles are produced through extrusion technology. In this process, EPDM compound — composed of synthetic rubber, fillers, oils, and additives — is fed into an extruder, shaped through a die to the desired profile geometry, and then vulcanized (crosslinked) using hot air, microwave, or infrared curing systems. The vulcanized profiles are cut to length, optionally coated, and packed for shipment. The background system includes upstream processes such as the extraction and processing of raw materials (EPDM rubber, carbon black, plasticizers, and other additives), electricity and thermal energy used in extrusion and vulcanization, packaging materials, and transportation to the factory. All background data used in this EPD are based on generic datasets obtained from the ecoinvent database (version 3.10) and are modeled using system boundaries defined by EN 15804+A2.
Scrap (recycled material) inputs contribution levelLess than 10% of the GWP-GHG results in modules A1-A3 come from scrap inputs

Data quality assessment and reference years

Description of data quality assessment and reference years01.01.2024-31.12.2024
Data quality assessment and reference years
Process nameSource typeSourceReference yearData categoryShare of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3
Manufacturing of ProductDatabaseEPD OwnerJan 1 202 - Dec 31 202Primary Data90%
Total share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A390%
The share of primary data is calculated based on GWP-GHG results. It is a simplified indicator for data quality that do not capture all relevant aspects of data quality. The indicator is not comparable across product categories.
Electricity data
Electricity used in the manufacturing process in A3
Type of electricity mixResidual electricity mix on the market
Energy sourcesHydro0%
Wind0%
Solar80%
Biomass0%
Geothermal0%
Waste0%
Nuclear0%
Natural gas0%
Coal0%
Oil0%
Peat0%
Other20%
GWP-GHG intensity (kg CO2 eq./kWh)0.02 kg CO2 eq./kWh

System boundary

Description of the system boundarya) Cradle to gate with modules C1-C4 and module D (A1-A3 + C + D).
Excluded modulesYes, there is an excluded module, or there are excluded modules
Justification for the omission of modulesUse phase has been excluded

Declared modules

Product stageConstruction process stageUse stageEnd of life stageBeyond product life cycle
Raw material supplyTransportManufacturingTransport to siteConstruction installationUseMaintenanceRepairReplacementRefurbishmentOperational energy useOperational water useDe-construction demolitionTransportWaste processingDisposalReuse-Recovery-Recycling-potential
ModuleA1A2A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Modules declaredXXXNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDXXXXX
GeographyGlobalGlobalGlobalN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AGlobalGlobalGlobalGlobalGlobal
Share of specific data90%--------------
Variation - products0%--------------
Variation - sites0%--------------

Process flow diagram(s) related images

Default scenario

Name of the default scenarioLandfill and incineration with energy recovery in a European waste management system
Description of the default scenarioCollection and dismantling of used EPDM sealing profiles at the end of life.

Module C: End-of-life

Explanatory name of the default scenario in module CLandfill
Brief description of the default scenario in module CLandfill Senario
Description of the default scenario in module CC1: This stage includes the impacts during the dismantling/demolition of EPDM Sealing Profiles after its end-of-life. It has been assumed that the product can be uninstalled manually by using hand-cutting tools.
Module C informationValueUnit
Collection (mixed waste)0,99
kg CO2 eq.
Collection (separately)0
N/A
Recovery (re-use)0
N/A
Recovery (recycling)0,9405
kg CO2 eq.
Recovery (energy recovery)0
Disposal (landfill)0,0595
kg CO2 eq.
(transportation: 100 km100
kg CO2 eq.

Module D: Beyond product life cycle

Explanatory name of the default scenario in module DAvoided burden
Brief description of the default scenario in module D94.05% of product is recycled and substitutes virgin EPDM or fillers
Description of the default scenario in module DModule D: After the end-of-life stage, approximately 94.05% of the EPDM Sealing Profile product is recovered and recycled. The recycled EPDM granulate is assumed to substitute virgin EPDM or mineral fillers used in construction applications. Environmental benefits associated with the avoided production of these materials are accounted for in Module D. This closed-loop recycling scenario helps reduce overall environmental impacts by displacing raw material production and related emissions.
Module D informationValueUnit
Substituted material – Virgin EPDM0.9405
kg CO2 eq.

Environmental performance

The estimated impact results are only relative statements, which do not indicate the endpoints of the impact categories, exceeding threshold values, safety margins and/or risks.

Mandatory environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804

Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Climate change - totalGWP-totalkg CO2 eq.3.11E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.04E-22.09E-12.97E+0-1.15E-1
Climate change - fossilGWP-fossilkg CO2 eq.2.14E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.04E-22.06E-12.03E-1-1.17E-1
Climate change - biogenicGWP-biogenickg CO2 eq.9.58E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+04.39E-72.00E-32.77E+02.11E-3
Climate change - land use and land-use changeGWP-luluckg CO2 eq.3.83E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+04.34E-61.55E-35.70E-5-9.03E-5
Ozone depletionODPkg CFC-11 eq.1.04E-7NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.67E-104.74E-91.36E-9-3.90E-9
AcidificationAPmol H+ eq.1.32E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+02.65E-51.40E-36.83E-4-4.69E-4
Eutrophication aquatic freshwaterEP-freshwaterkg P eq.8.19E-4NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+08.42E-71.78E-43.04E-4-2.54E-5
Eutrophication aquatic marineEP-marinekg N eq.2.80E-3NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+06.72E-62.35E-45.71E-3-1.01E-4
Eutrophication terrestrialEP-terrestrialmol N eq.2.76E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+07.28E-52.25E-32.12E-3-1.00E-3
Photochemical ozone formationPOCPkg NMVOC eq.1.39E-2NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+04.01E-57.16E-41.34E-3-5.23E-4
Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metalsADP-minerals&metals1kg Sb eq.7.01E-5NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+02.93E-84.24E-61.40E-7-2.61E-6
Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuelsADP-fossil1MJ, net calorific value8.10E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.56E-12.37E+01.29E+0-3.12E+0
Water useWDP1m3 world eq. deprived6.92E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+07.99E-41.19E-1-6.50E-1-1.85E-2
AcronymsGWP-fossil = Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic = Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-marine = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential, Accumulated Exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-minerals&metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Abiotic depletion for fossil resources potential; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted water consumption
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).
Disclaimer 1The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator

Additional mandatory environmental performance indicators

Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Climate change - GWP-GHGGWP-GHG1kg CO2 eq.3.11E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.04E-22.09E-12.97E+0-1.15E-1
AcronymsGWP-GHG = Global warming potential greenhouse gas.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).
Disclaimer 1The GWP-GHG indicator is termed GWP-IOBC/GHG in the ILCD+EPD+ data format. The indicator accounts for all greenhouse gases except biogenic carbon dioxide uptake and emissions and biogenic carbon stored in the product. As such, the indicator is identical to GWP-total except that the CF for biogenic CO2 is set to zero.

Additional voluntary environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804

Impact categoryIndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
Particulate matter emissionsPMDisease incidence1.62E-7NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.02E-98.51E-99.18E-9-6.08E-9
Ionizing radiation - human healthIRP1kBq U235 eq.1.13E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.38E-47.11E-33.18E-3-4.20E-3
Eco-toxicity - freshwaterETP-fw2CTUe5.01E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+07.51E-22.26E+07.99E+1-1.89E+0
Human toxicity - cancer effectsHTP-c2CTUh2.67E-8NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.07E-101.31E-98.29E-10-1.00E-9
Human toxicity - non-cancer effectsHTP-nc2CTUh7.60E-8NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+02.00E-107.61E-93.79E-8-2.70E-9
Land-use related impacts/soil qualitySQP2Dimensionless2.19E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.57E-14.60E-12.40E+0-8.48E-1
AcronymsPM = Potential incidence of disease due to particulate matter emissions; IRP = Potential human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems; HTP-c = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; HTP-nc = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; SQP = Potential soil quality index.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).
Disclaimer 1This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator.
Disclaimer 2The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator.

Resource use indicators according to EN 15804

IndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
PEREMJ, net calorific value8.21E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+02.05E-34.48E+03.99E-2-1.48E-1
PERMMJ, net calorific value0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
PERTMJ, net calorific value8.21E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+02.05E-34.48E+03.99E-2-1.48E-1
PENREMJ, net calorific value8.88E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.66E-12.54E+01.37E+0-3.42E+0
PENRMMJ, net calorific value0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
PENRTMJ, net calorific value8.88E+1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+01.66E-12.54E+01.37E+0-3.42E+0
SMkg0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
RSFMJ, net calorific value0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
NRSFMJ, net calorific value0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
FWm36.97E-1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+08.02E-41.23E-1-6.50E-1-1.85E-2
AcronymsPERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy re-sources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Waste indicators according to EN 15804

IndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
HWDkg0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
NHWDkg0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
RWDkg0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
AcronymsHWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

Output flow indicators according to EN 15804

IndicatorUnitA1-A3A4A5B1B2B3B4B5B6B7C1C2C3C4D
CRUkg0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
MFRkg0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
MERkg0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
EEEMJ, net calorific value0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
EETMJ, net calorific value0.00E+0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND0.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+00.00E+0
AcronymsCRU = Components for re-use; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EEE = Exported electrical energy; EET = Exported thermal energy.
General disclaimerThe results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services).

References

EN ISO 14025:2011-10: Environmental labels and declarations

Type III environmental declarations — Principles and procedures

EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 Sustainability of construction works-Environmental Product Declarations — Core rules for the product category of construction products.

PCR 2019-14 v.1.3.4: EPD International. (2024). PCR 2019:14, Construction Products, Version 1.3.4. www.environdec.com.

ISO 14040:2006: Environmental management-Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework.

ISO 14044:2006: Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines (pp. 1–54).

REACH: Directive (EG) No. 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council dated 18 December 2006 on the registration, evaluation, approval and restriction of chemical substances (REACH), for establishing a European Agency for chemical substances, for amending Directive 1999/45/EC and for annulment of Directive (EEC) No. 793/93 of the Council, Directive (EC) No. 1488/94 of the Commission, Guideline 76/769/EEC of the Council and Guidelines 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC of the Commission

SimaPro: SimaPro software for LCA calculations, developed by PRé Sustainability, Stationsplein 121, 3818 LE Amersfoort, Netherlands, https://simapro.com

Ecoinvent dataset, developed by the Swiss Centre for Life Cycle inventories, Technoparkstrasse 1,8005 Zurich, Switzerland, https://ecoinvent.org/

IPCC. (2021a). Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

GPI: EPD International. (2024). General Programme Instructions for the International EPD® System. Version 5.0.1

GPI: EPD International. (2024). General Programme Instructions for the International EPD® System. Version 4.0

Version history

EPD Türkiye name has been changed in front page