EPD-IES-0019777:002
LOOSE WHITE CARRARA MARBLE PEBBLES
Loose white Carrara marble pebbles produced by Alimac S.r.l. are made from high-quality materials and are available in various sizes and finishes to meet the needs of different sectors. The processing begins at the Seravezza plant, where the pebbles undergo a dry barrel finishing process that gives them a smooth and uniform surface. This procedure ensures that each pebble retains the distinctive characteristics of white Carrara marble, such as high resistance, brightness, and outstanding aesthetic quality.
These pebbles are ideal for a wide range of applications, including construction, landscaping, and decoration. Production complies with the highest quality standards, ensuring that every single batch meets customer specifications and guarantees maximum satisfaction in final applications.
The product is made from 100% by-products, sourced from marble chips discarded during the extraction and processing of marble in the Carrara quarries.
General information
| EPD Owner | Alimac S.r.l. |
|---|---|
| Registration number | EPD-IES-0019777:002 |
| PCR | 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) 1.3.4 |
| Status | Valid |
| Publication date | 2025-02-07 |
| Valid until | 2030-02-06 |
| EN 15804 compliant | Yes |
| Geographical scope | Europe |
Product images
Programme information
| Programme | International EPD System |
|---|---|
| Address | EPD International AB Box 210 60 SE-100 31 Stockholm Sweden |
| Website | www.environdec.com |
| support@environdec.com |
Product category rules
| CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the Core Product Category Rules (PCR) | |
| Product Category Rules (PCR) | PCR 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) (1.3.4) |
|---|---|
| PCR review was conducted by | The Technical Committee of the International EPD System. See www.environdec.com for a list of members. Review chair: Claudia A. Peña, University of Concepción, Chile. The review panel may be contacted via the Secretariat www.environdec.com/support. |
Verification
| LCA accountability | luca.franceschin@ollum.it, luca.franceschin@ollum.it, Ollum Srl |
|---|---|
| Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006, via | |
| Third-party verifier | Bureau Veritas Italia S.p.A. |
| Accredited by | Accredia |
| Accredited certification body address | Italy |
| Procedure for follow-up of data during EPD validity involves third party verifier | |
| *EPD Process Certification involves an accredited certification body certifying and periodically auditing the EPD process and conducting external and independent verification of EPDs that are regularly published. More information can be found in the General Programme Instructions on www.envrondec.com. | |
Ownership and limitation on use of EPD
Limitations
EPDs within the same product category but registered in different EPD programmes may not be comparable. For two EPDs to be comparable, they shall be based on the same PCR (including the same version number up to the first two digits) or be based on fully-aligned PCRs or versions of PCRs; cover products with identical functions, technical performances and use (e.g. identical declared/functional units); have equivalent system boundaries and descriptions of data; apply equivalent data quality requirements, methods of data collection, and allocation methods; apply identical cut-off rules and impact assessment methods (including the same version of characterisation factors); have equivalent content declarations; and be valid at the time of comparison.
Ownership
The EPD Owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD.
Information about EPD Owner
| EPD Owner | Alimac S.r.l. |
|---|---|
| Contact person name | Cosimo Angelini |
| Contact person e-mail | cosimo.angelini@alimac.info |
| Organisation address | Italy Seravezza 55047 Via fonda, 1018, 55047 Seravezza LU |
Description of the organisation of the EPD Owner
Alimac S.r.l. was born from the merger of two historic Italian companies, Macchiarini Granulati and Aliboni Granulati, with the ambitious goal of combining the solidity of artisanal tradition with technological and managerial innovation. Macchiarini Granulati, founded in the 1950s, specialized in the production of white Carrara marble aggregates and powders, with a focus on marble pebbles. Aliboni Granulati, active since the 1920s, stood out for its production of micro-aggregates and smoothed-surface pebbles, thanks to its two state-of-the-art production facilities. This merger created a unique synergy, integrating the historical expertise of both companies into a single entity geared toward the future. Today, Alimac is a recognized leader in the construction, landscaping, and livestock sectors, thanks to a production model that combines traditional techniques with continuous investment in research and development. The company operates three production sites located in Seravezza, Pontefoggi, and Querceta, with an annual production capacity of approximately 250,000 tonnes. The product range is broad and diversified, making Alimac a reliable partner for quality- and innovation-driven companies. Thanks to its unique combination of respect for tradition and ambition for progress, Alimac continues to grow, offering cutting-edge solutions to meet the evolving needs of the global market.
Organisation images
Organisation logo
Product information
| Product name | White Carrara Marble Pebbles |
|---|---|
| Product identification | White Carrara Marble Pebbles |
| Product description | Loose white Carrara marble pebbles produced by Alimac S.r.l. are made from high-quality materials and are available in various sizes and finishes to meet the needs of different sectors. The processing begins at the Seravezza plant, where the pebbles undergo a dry barrel finishing process that gives them a smooth and uniform surface. This procedure ensures that each pebble retains the distinctive characteristics of white Carrara marble, such as high resistance, brightness, and outstanding aesthetic quality. These pebbles are ideal for a wide range of applications, including construction, landscaping, and decoration. Production complies with the highest quality standards, ensuring that every single batch meets customer specifications and guarantees maximum satisfaction in final applications. The product is made from 100% by-products, sourced from marble chips discarded during the extraction and processing of marble in the Carrara quarries. |
| Technical purpose of product | The pebbles are ideal for a wide range of applications, including construction, landscaping, and decoration. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | Alimac S.r.l. manufactures loose white Carrara marble pebbles through a highly specialized and integrated production process distributed across three facilities located in Seravezza, Pontefoggi, and Querceta (Italy). The production is organized in the following stages: Washing of Marble Chips All incoming marble chips are first washed at the Seravezza site to remove impurities before being directed to the next processing steps. Primary Crushing and Screening (Seravezza and Pontefoggi) The washed chips are visually inspected for foreign elements and quality. They then undergo primary crushing, reducing them to various granular sizes. The material is screened into defined granulometric fractions ("cuts"). Pebble Formation (Seravezza) Selected fractions are processed in a dry tumbling barrel, where they are rounded and smoothed to produce the characteristic Carrara white pebbles with a polished surface. This stage gives the product its aesthetic appeal and mechanical consistency. Secondary Crushing and Screening (Querceta) Material from the previous phases is transferred to the Querceta site, where it may undergo further size reduction and classification to obtain finer granules and powders. |
| Material properties | Thickness: 0.25 m |
| Production site | Querceta Plant Italy Seravezza 55047 Via Fonda, 1018, 55047 Seravezza LU (Stabilimento Querceta) |
| Production site 2 | Seravezza Plant Italy Seravezza 55047 Via Gino Lombardi, 1509, 55047 Seravezza LU (Stabilimento Seravezza) |
| UN CPC code | 3761. Marble, travertine and alabaster, worked, and articles thereof (except setts, curbstones, flagstones, tiles, cubes and similar articles); artificially coloured granules, chippings and powder of marble, travertine and alabaster |
| Geographical scope | Europe |
Content declaration
| Hazardous and toxic substances | The product does not contain any substances from the SVHC candidate list in concentrations exceeding 0.1% of its weight. |
|---|
| Content name | Weight, kg | Post-consumer recycled material, weight-% of product | Biogenic material, weight-% of product | Biogenic material1, kg C/product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrara Marble Chips (100% by-product) | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | |||
| Material name | Weight, kg | Weight-% (versus the product) | Biogenic material1, kg C/product |
|---|---|---|---|
| No packaging for this product | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | ||
LCA information
| EPD based on declared or functional unit | Functional unit |
|---|---|
| Functional unit description | 1 tonne of pebbles |
| Reference flow | Pebbles Mass: 1000 kg |
| Conversion factor to mass | 1 |
| Are infrastructure or capital goods included in any upstream, core or downstream processes? | |
| Datasources used for this EPD | ecoinvent database (general) ecoinvent 3.9.1 database |
| LCA Software | SimaPro SimaPro 9.6 |
| Version of the EN 15804 reference package | EF Reference Package 3.1 |
| Technology description including background system | The production of White Carrara Marble Pebbles in bulk format involves a fully mechanical transformation of marble fragments originating from the processing of Carrara quarry by-products. The raw material undergoes a carefully controlled series of operations including washing, screening, and mechanical tumbling (acciottolatura), which ensure the removal of impurities and the production of pebbles with a consistent granulometry and bright white appearance. The finished product is delivered without packaging, either directly loaded into transport vehicles or temporarily stored in silos or open containers, depending on the customer's logistical requirements. The bulk format is particularly suitable for large-scale applications where packaging is unnecessary or undesirable, such as landscape architecture, infrastructure works, or industrial reuse. |
| Scrap (recycled material) inputs contribution level | Less than 10% of the GWP-GHG results in modules A1-A3 come from scrap inputs |
| Process name | Source type | Source | Reference year | Data category | Share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total share of primary data, of GWP-GHG results for A1-A3 | 0% | ||||
| The share of primary data is calculated based on GWP-GHG results. It is a simplified indicator for data quality that do not capture all relevant aspects of data quality. The indicator is not comparable across product categories. | |||||
| Electricity used in the manufacturing process in A3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type of electricity mix | Residual electricity mix on the market | |
| Energy sources | Hydro | 0% |
| Wind | 0.43% | |
| Solar | 6.21% | |
| Biomass | 0.22% | |
| Geothermal | 0% | |
| Waste | 0% | |
| Nuclear | 4.4% | |
| Natural gas | 62.2% | |
| Coal | 22.78% | |
| Oil | 3.76% | |
| Peat | 0% | |
| Other | 0% | |
| GWP-GHG intensity (kg CO2 eq./kWh) | 0.68 kg CO2 eq./kWh | |
System boundary
| Description of the system boundary | a) Cradle to gate with modules C1-C4 and module D (A1-A3 + C + D). |
|---|---|
| Excluded modules | Yes, there is an excluded module, or there are excluded modules |
| Justification for the omission of modules | Construction process stage (A4-A5): Not considered, as pebbles are not subject to installation processes involving energy or additional materials. Use stage (B1-B7): Not relevant for this product; no emissions or energy use occur during its use. |
Declared modules
| Product stage | Construction process stage | Use stage | End of life stage | Beyond product life cycle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Raw material supply | Transport | Manufacturing | Transport to site | Construction installation | Use | Maintenance | Repair | Replacement | Refurbishment | Operational energy use | Operational water use | De-construction demolition | Transport | Waste processing | Disposal | Reuse-Recovery-Recycling-potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Module | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modules declared | X | X | X | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geography | Italy | Italy | Italy | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | Europe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share of specific data | 43.9% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - products | 10% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - sites | 0% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer | The share of specific/primary data and both variations (products and sites) refer to GWP-GHG results only. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description of the process flow diagram(s)
Alimac S.r.l. specializes in processing Carrara marble chips through an integrated production cycle distributed across three facilities. The process begins at the Seravezza plant, where all incoming material is washed. After this initial phase, the chips are sent to the Seravezza and Pontefoggi sites for the first crushing and screening, which includes quality control, size reduction, and separation into various grain sizes. At Seravezza, part of the material is also transformed into smooth, rounded white marble pebbles through a tumbling process, mainly for decorative and paving applications. All semi-finished products are then transferred to the Querceta plant, where a second crushing and screening phase produces finer aggregates and marble powder. Querceta also occasionally manufactures colored pebbles and carries out the final packaging of all products.
Process flow diagram(s) related images
Default scenario
| Name of the default scenario | Production of Bulk White Carrara Marble Pebbles (A1–A3) |
|---|---|
| Description of the default scenario | The A1–A3 stage includes the washing, crushing, screening, and tumbling of marble chips from Carrara quarries to produce loose White Carrara Marble Pebbles. The product is delivered without packaging, directly loaded into bulk transport systems. The scenario includes raw material supply, internal transport, electricity and water consumption, and waste management. As no packaging is involved, environmental impacts are limited to the core production processes |
Module C: End-of-life
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module C | Reuse & next disposal |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module C | Pebbles manually removed, 98% reused, 2% sent to inert landfill, 50 km transport |
| Description of the default scenario in module C | At end of life, White Carrara Marble Pebbles are assumed to be manually removed without environmental impact (C1), then transported 50 km by EURO5 truck to a treatment facility (C2). Based on Italian statistics, 97.99% of the material is recycled or reused (C3), while 2.01% is sent to inert landfill (C4). This scenario reflects typical waste management practices in Italy and is modelled using Ecoinvent-based SimaPro processes. |
Module D: Beyond product life cycle
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module D | Reuse as aggregate |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module D | Recovered pebbles replace virgin aggregates, avoiding extraction and emissions |
| Description of the default scenario in module D | Avoided impacts are calculated by multiplying the recycling rate (97.99%) by the impact share attributed to marble chips (37.5%), since they are a by-product of quarry extraction. This results in a 0.367 ton avoided impact, modelled using “Limestone, unprocessed {CH} | limestone quarry operation | Cut-off, U.” The method ensures consistency with the initial impact allocation in Module A1 |
| Module D information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Limestone, unprocessed {CH}| limestone quarry operation | Cut-off, U | 367 | kg |
Environmental performance
The estimated impact results are only relative statements, which do not indicate the endpoints of the impact categories, exceeding threshold values, safety margins and/or risks.
Mandatory environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | 1.13E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 9.43E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.14E-4 | -8.18E-1 |
| Climate change - fossil | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | 1.12E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 9.42E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.14E-4 | -8.18E-1 |
| Climate change - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | 2.76E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 8.51E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 3.50E-7 | 2.01E-4 |
| Climate change - land use and land-use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | 3.11E-3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 4.57E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 2.24E-8 | -2.47E-4 |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | 2.16E-7 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 2.05E-7 | 0.00E+0 | 3.94E-12 | -1.23E-8 |
| Acidification | AP | mol H+ eq. | 6.37E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 3.07E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 7.34E-7 | -1.93E-2 |
| Eutrophication aquatic freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | 1.46E-3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 6.59E-4 | 0.00E+0 | 5.31E-9 | -5.28E-5 |
| Eutrophication aquatic marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | 1.98E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 1.06E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 3.20E-7 | -6.89E-3 |
| Eutrophication terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | 2.35E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 1.11E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 3.43E-6 | -9.72E-2 |
| Photochemical ozone formation | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | 7.19E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 4.59E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 1.36E-6 | -2.11E-2 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metals | ADP-minerals&metals1 | kg Sb eq. | 2.41E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 3.02E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 1.20E-10 | -1.98E-6 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuels | ADP-fossil1 | MJ, net calorific value | 1.56E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 1.33E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 2.89E-3 | -1.01E+1 |
| Water use | WDP1 | m3 world eq. deprived | 2.61E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 5.44E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.04E-5 | -7.25E-2 |
| Acronyms | GWP-fossil = Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic = Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-marine = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential, Accumulated Exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-minerals&metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Abiotic depletion for fossil resources potential; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted water consumption | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator | ||||||||||||||||
Additional mandatory environmental performance indicators
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - GWP-GHG | GWP-GHG1 | kg CO2 eq. | 1.12E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 9.36E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.11E-4 | -8.00E-1 |
| Acronyms | GWP-GHG = Global warming potential greenhouse gas. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The GWP-GHG indicator is termed GWP-IOBC/GHG in the ILCD+EPD+ data format. The indicator accounts for all greenhouse gases except biogenic carbon dioxide uptake and emissions and biogenic carbon stored in the product. As such, the indicator is identical to GWP-total except that the CF for biogenic CO2 is set to zero. | ||||||||||||||||
Additional voluntary environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Particulate matter emissions | PM | Disease incidence | 9.84E-7 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 7.49E-7 | 0.00E+0 | 1.85E-11 | -2.93E-7 |
| Ionizing radiation - human health | IRP1 | kBq U235 eq. | 3.51E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 1.79E-1 | 0.00E+0 | 2.75E-6 | -7.07E-3 |
| Eco-toxicity - freshwater | ETP-fw2 | CTUe | 6.03E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 6.59E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 1.22E-3 | -1.40E+1 |
| Human toxicity - cancer effects | HTP-c2 | CTUh | 3.72E-9 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 4.27E-9 | 0.00E+0 | 3.86E-14 | -3.26E-10 |
| Human toxicity - non-cancer effects | HTP-nc2 | CTUh | 7.72E-8 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 9.40E-8 | 0.00E+0 | 5.08E-13 | -4.00E-9 |
| Land-use related impacts/soil quality | SQP2 | Dimensionless | 4.77E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 7.95E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 5.97E-3 | -5.16E+0 |
| Acronyms | PM = Potential incidence of disease due to particulate matter emissions; IRP = Potential human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems; HTP-c = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; HTP-nc = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; SQP = Potential soil quality index. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 2 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
Resource use indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERE | MJ, net calorific value | 3.89E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 2.07E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 5.75E-5 | -2.98E-1 |
| PERM | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| PERT | MJ, net calorific value | 3.89E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 2.07E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 5.75E-5 | -2.98E-1 |
| PENRE | MJ, net calorific value | 1.56E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | -1.00E+0 | 1.31E+2 | -3.00E+0 | -4.00E+0 | -1.51E+1 |
| PENRM | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.00E+0 | 2.00E+0 | 3.00E+0 | 4.00E+0 | 5.00E+0 |
| PENRT | MJ, net calorific value | 1.56E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 1.33E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 2.89E-3 | -1.01E+1 |
| SM | kg | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| RSF | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| NRSF | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| FW | m3 | 5.68E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 1.90E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 3.38E-6 | -9.91E-3 |
| Acronyms | PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy re-sources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Waste indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HWD | kg | 2.92E-3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 3.30E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 3.96E-8 | -2.38E-4 |
| NHWD | kg | 3.64E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 6.52E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 2.01E-2 | -3.49E-2 |
| RWD | kg | 9.54E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 4.34E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 6.26E-10 | -1.66E-6 |
| Acronyms | HWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Output flow indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRU | kg | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MFR | kg | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 9.80E+2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MER | kg | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| EEE | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| EET | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | CRU = Components for re-use; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EEE = Exported electrical energy; EET = Exported thermal energy. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
References
1- UNI EN ISO 14025:2010, Environmental labels and declarations – Type III environmental declarations – Principles and procedures
2- EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021, Sustainability of construction works – Environmental Product Declarations – Core rules for the product category of construction products
3- UNI EN ISO 14040:2021, Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Principles and framework
4- UNI EN ISO 14044:2021, Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Requirements and guidelines
5- PCR 2019:14 "Construction products" (The International EPD® System), version 1.3.4
6- General Programme Instructions for The International EPD® System, version 4.0
7- Transparency, legality and proper management of natural resources: civic monitoring of marble quarries in the Carrara area, Legambiente 2023 –
https://www.legambiente.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/monitoraggio-cave-di-marmo-Carrara_report-1.pdf
8- Special Waste Report, 2023 Edition, ISPRA –
https://www.isprambiente.gov.it/it/pubblicazioni/rapporti/rapporto-rifiuti-speciali-edizione-2023
Version history
The product is made from 100% by-products, sourced from marble chips discarded during the extraction and processing of marble in the Carrara quarries.