EPD-IES-0017810:003
AG asphalt from Kiruna asphalt plant
The asphalt mixture include 30 % recycled asphalt (RA) and produced at the declared plant are hot mix asphalt (HMA). The main components of the asphalt mixtures are mineral rock aggregates, bitumen and additives. Additives include adhesive agents, such as amines or hydraulic binders.
Since asphalt mixture comprise valuable resources and can be recycled, all milled or excavated clean asphalt is recycled. Accordingly, RA is normally added to the asphalt mixture, replacing virgin aggregate and virgin bitumen.
General information
| EPD Owner | NCC Industry AB |
|---|---|
| Registration number | EPD-IES-0017810:003 |
| EPD type | EPD of multiple products based on the average results of the product group |
| Status | Valid |
| Initial version date | 2025-05-16 |
| Validity date | 2031-01-19 |
| Standards conformance | ISO 14025:2006, EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021 |
| Geographical scope | Sweden |
| An EPD may be updated or depublished if conditions change. This is the latest version of the EPD. | |
Programme information
| Programme | The International EPD® System |
|---|---|
| Address | EPD International AB Box 210 60 SE-100 31 Stockholm Sweden |
| Website | www.environdec.com |
| support@environdec.com |
Product category rules
| CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the Core Product Category Rules (PCR) | |
| Product Category Rules (PCR) | 2019:14 Construction products (EN 15804+A2) (version 2.0.1) 2.0.1 |
|---|---|
| PCR review was conducted by | The Technical Committee of the International EPD System. See www.environdec.com for a list of members. Review chair: Rob Rouwette (chair), Noa Meron (co-chair). The review panel may be contacted via the Secretariat www.environdec.com/support. |
Verification
| LCA accountability | rita.garcao@ncc.se, rita.garcao@ncc.se, NCC Industry AB |
|---|---|
| Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006, via | |
| EPD process certificate issued by | Bureau Veritas Certification Sverige AB |
| Accredited by | SWEDAC |
| Accredited certification body address | Sweden |
| Procedure for follow-up of data during EPD validity involves third party verifier | |
| *EPD Process Certification involves an accredited certification body certifying and periodically auditing the EPD process and conducting external and independent verification of EPDs that are regularly published. More information can be found in the General Programme Instructions on www.envrondec.com. | |
Ownership and limitation on use of EPD
Limitations
EPDs within the same product category but published in different EPD programmes, may not be comparable. For two EPDs to be comparable, they shall be based on the same PCR (including the same first-digit version number) or be based on fully aligned PCRs or versions of PCRs; cover products with identical functions, technical performances and use (e.g. identical declared/functional units); have identical scope in terms of included life-cycle stages (unless the excluded life-cycle stage is demonstrated to be insignificant); apply identical impact assessment methods (including the same version of characterisation factors); and be valid at the time of comparison.
Ownership
The EPD Owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD.
Information about EPD Owner
| EPD Owner | NCC Industry AB |
|---|---|
| Contact person name | Patrik Österberg |
| Contact person e-mail | patrik.osterberg@ncc.se |
| Organisation address | Sweden Solna 17080 Herrjärva torg 4 |
Description of the organisation of the EPD Owner
NCC Industry AB is part of NCC Group, one of the leading construction and property development companies in the Nordic region. The company produces and supplies asphalt and aggregates, and provides paving and road maintenance services across Sweden. NCC works to reduce climate impact, increase circularity, and promote safe and sustainable operations. Website: www.ncc.se
Organisation logo
Product information
| Product name | AG16, AG22 |
|---|---|
| Product identification | Asphalt concrete for use on roads and other trafficked areas |
| Product description | The asphalt mixture include 30 % recycled asphalt (RA) and produced at the declared plant are hot mix asphalt (HMA). The main components of the asphalt mixtures are mineral rock aggregates, bitumen and additives. Additives include adhesive agents, such as amines or hydraulic binders. Since asphalt mixture comprise valuable resources and can be recycled, all milled or excavated clean asphalt is recycled. Accordingly, RA is normally added to the asphalt mixture, replacing virgin aggregate and virgin bitumen. |
| Technical purpose of product | Asphalt mixtures are produced for paving applications, including roads and other trafficked surfaces. |
| Manufacturing or service provision description | Production is managed from an on-site control room. Aggregates, sourced from either the on-site quarry or external suppliers, are stored in separate stockpiles by fraction (e.g., 0/2, 2/4, 4/8, 8/11). These are fed into cold bins and conveyed via belt to a rotating dryer drum, where they are dried and heated to the required temperature before mixing. |
| Material properties | Volumetric mass density: 2400 kg/m3 Volumetric mass density: 2400 kg/m3 |
| Manufacturing site | Kiruna asphalt plant Sweden Kiruna 98130 |
| UN CPC code | 15330. Bitumen and asphalt, natural; asphaltites and asphaltic rock |
| Geographical scope | Sweden |
Product images
Content declaration
| Content declaration of multiple products | Weighted average values based on mass, Ranges based on mass: Bitumen: 45-50 kg Aggregates: 950-965 kg |
|---|---|
| Hazardous and toxic substances | The product does not contain any substances from the SVHC candidate list in concentrations exceeding 0.1% of its weight. |
Product content
| Content name | Mass, kg | Post-consumer recycled material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material, mass-% of product | Biogenic material1, kg C/declared unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aggregates | 952.7 | 28 | 0 | 0 |
| Bitumen | 47 | 1 | ||
| Amin | 0.3 | |||
| Total | 1000 | 29 | 0 | 0 |
| Note 1 | 1 kg biogenic carbon is equivalent to 44/12 kg of CO2 | |||
LCA information
| EPD based on declared or functional unit | Declared unit |
|---|---|
| Declared unit and reference flow | AG Mass: 1000 kg |
| Conversion factor to mass | 1 |
| Are infrastructure or capital goods included in any upstream, core or downstream processes? | |
| Datasources used for this EPD | GaBi database (general) Sphera MLC (fka GaBi) Databases Edition 2025.1 |
| LCA Software | LCA for Experts (formerly GaBi Software) N/A |
| Version of the EN 15804 reference package | EF Reference Package 3.1 |
| Characterisation methods | EF 3.1 Method, as defined in the Environmental Footprint Reference Package 3.1, is used for characterisation in accordance with EN 15804+A2 and the applicable PCR. |
| Technology description including background system | The asphalt mixture is produced by drying and heating mineral aggregates and mixing them with bitumen. Energy for the production process at the declared plant is supplied by light fuel oil (LFO) and wood pellets. The system boundary follows a cradle-to-gate approach with end-of-life modules C1–C4 and module D included. At end-of-life, asphalt is assumed to be almost fully recycled, with minor quality-related losses (<1–10 %) as described in the background report. No packaging is used. |
| Scrap (recycled material) inputs contribution level | Less than 10% of the GWP-GHG results in modules A1-A3 come from scrap inputs |
Data quality assessment
| Description of data quality assessment and reference years | Primary data were collected from the Kiruna asphalt plant during 2024. The data are representative of the same year and reflect current production processes. Data quality is considered high due to direct measurements, consistent documentation, and alignment with the technological and geographical scope of the declared product. |
|---|
Electricity data
| Electricity used in the manufacturing process in A3 (A5 for services) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type of electricity mix | Specific electricity mix as generated, or purchased from an electricity supplier, demonstrated by a contractual instrument | |
| Energy sources | Hydro | 100% |
| Wind | 0% | |
| Solar | 0% | |
| Biomass | 0% | |
| Geothermal | 0% | |
| Waste | 0% | |
| Nuclear | 0% | |
| Natural gas | 0% | |
| Coal | 0% | |
| Oil | 0% | |
| Peat | 0% | |
| Other | 0% | |
| GWP-GHG intensity (kg CO2 eq./kWh) | 0.01 kg CO2 eq./kWh | |
System boundary
| Description of the system boundary | a) Cradle to gate with modules C1-C4 and module D (A1-A3 + C + D). |
|---|---|
| Excluded modules | No, there is no excluded module, or there are no excluded modules |
Declared modules
| Product stage | Construction process stage | Use stage | End of life stage | Beyond product life cycle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Raw material supply | Transport | Manufacturing | Transport to site | Construction installation | Use | Maintenance | Repair | Replacement | Refurbishment | Operational energy use | Operational water use | De-construction demolition | Transport | Waste processing | Disposal | Reuse-Recovery-Recycling-potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Module | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modules declared | X | X | X | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geography | Europe | Europe | Sweden | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Sweden | Sweden | Sweden | Sweden | Sweden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share of specific data | 27% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - products | 0% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variation - sites | 0% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer | The share of specific/primary data and both variations (products and sites) refer to GWP-GHG results only. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Process flow diagram(s) related images
Default scenario
| Name of the default scenario | Milling and recycling of asphalt without disposal |
|---|---|
| Description of the default scenario | In this scenario, pavement milling of asphalt is performed and the milled material is transported to a waste processing facility, where it is crushed and sieved. As the asphalt mixture is considered fully recyclable, no material is sent to disposal. To avoid double counting, the environmental impacts of crushing RA are allocated to the next life cycle stage. |
Module C: End-of-life
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module C | Recycling of asphalt |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module C | Asphalt milled, transported, and recycled; no disposal; RA crushing excluded. |
| Description of the default scenario in module C | Pavement milling of asphalt is carried out in this scenario. It is further transported to the waste processing where it is crushed and sieved. It is assumed that the asphalt mixture is recyclable, why no asphalt is sent for disposal. Crushing of RA is accounted for in the next life cycle, to avoid double counting. |
| Module C information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| kg collected separately | 1000 | kg |
| kg collected with mixed construction waste | 0 | kg |
| kg for re-use | 0 | kg |
| kg for recycling | 1000 | kg |
Module D: Beyond product life cycle
| Explanatory name of the default scenario in module D | RA replaces |
|---|---|
| Brief description of the default scenario in module D | RA replaces primary aggregates and bitumen; crushing impacts included |
| Description of the default scenario in module D | Although the declared product contains recycled content, it is assumed that, at end-of-life, the asphalt pavement is milled and converted into reclaimed asphalt (RA). After reaching end-of-waste status, this RA is used in a subsequent asphalt production system, where it substitutes virgin aggregates and virgin bitumen in a functionally equivalent application. The value reported in Module D represents the net amount of primary aggregates and bitumen that are replaced by RA originating from the declared product. |
| Module D information | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| AG | 663 | kg |
Environmental performance
The estimated impact results are only relative statements, which do not indicate the endpoints of the impact categories, exceeding threshold values, safety margins and/or risks.
Mandatory environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - total | GWP-total | kg CO2 eq. | 1.66E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.31E+0 | 4.02E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -4.01E+0 |
| Climate change - fossil | GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq. | 1.65E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.29E+0 | 3.98E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -4.01E+0 |
| Climate change - biogenic | GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq. | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Climate change - land use and land-use change | GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq. | 1.15E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.28E-2 | 4.15E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -7.86E-4 |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq. | 5.79E-7 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.69E-13 | 6.69E-13 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -3.43E-7 |
| Acidification | AP | mol H+ eq. | 1.30E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.70E-3 | 1.66E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -3.66E-2 |
| Eutrophication aquatic freshwater | EP-freshwater | kg P eq. | 5.76E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6.19E-6 | 1.09E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -1.35E-4 |
| Eutrophication aquatic marine | EP-marine | kg N eq. | 3.97E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.63E-3 | 7.98E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -9.20E-3 |
| Eutrophication terrestrial | EP-terrestrial | mol N eq. | 4.26E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.81E-2 | 8.65E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -1.04E-1 |
| Photochemical ozone formation | POCP | kg NMVOC eq. | 9.09E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.64E-3 | 1.51E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -3.28E-2 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - minerals and metals | ADP-minerals&metals1 | kg Sb eq. | 2.38E-5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.47E-7 | 2.68E-7 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -1.02E-6 |
| Depletion of abiotic resources - fossil fuels | ADP-fossil1 | MJ, net calorific value | 1.79E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.82E+1 | 5.17E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -1.07E+3 |
| Water use | WDP1 | m3 world eq. deprived | 1.49E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 8.32E-2 | 1.84E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -5.47E-1 |
| Acronyms | GWP-fossil = Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic = Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-marine = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential, Accumulated Exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-minerals&metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Abiotic depletion for fossil resources potential; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted water consumption | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator | ||||||||||||||||
Additional mandatory environmental performance indicators
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change - GWP-GHG | GWP-GHG1 | kg CO2 eq. | 1.67E+1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.31E+0 | 4.03E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -4.01E+0 |
| Acronyms | GWP-GHG = Global warming potential greenhouse gas. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | The GWP-GHG indicator is termed GWP-IOBC/GHG in the ILCD+EPD+ data format. The indicator accounts for all greenhouse gases except biogenic carbon dioxide uptake and emissions and biogenic carbon stored in the product. As such, the indicator is identical to GWP-total except that the CF for biogenic CO2 is set to zero. | ||||||||||||||||
Additional voluntary environmental performance indicators according to EN 15804
| Impact category | Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Particulate matter emissions | PM | Disease incidence | 3.01E-4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.22E-4 | 1.07E-7 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -1.84E-5 |
| Ionizing radiation - human health | IRP1 | kBq U235 eq. | 1.10E+4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.23E-3 | 1.40E-2 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -7.27E+3 |
| Eco-toxicity - freshwater | ETP-fw2 | CTUe | 2.22E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.66E+1 | 6.73E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -6.29E+1 |
| Human toxicity - cancer effects | HTP-c2 | CTUh | 9.86E-9 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.02E-9 | 9.07E-10 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -4.73E-10 |
| Human toxicity - non-cancer effects | HTP-nc2 | CTUh | 8.27E-7 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.62E-7 | 5.07E-8 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.34E-8 |
| Land-use related impacts/soil quality | SQP2 | Dimensionless | 1.01E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.25E+1 | 2.29E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -8.29E-1 |
| Acronyms | PM = Potential incidence of disease due to particulate matter emissions; IRP = Potential human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems; HTP-c = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; HTP-nc = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; SQP = Potential soil quality index. | ||||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 1 | This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
| Disclaimer 2 | The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties of these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator. | ||||||||||||||||
Resource use indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERE | MJ, net calorific value | 2.93E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.08E+0 | 3.90E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -1.09E+1 |
| PERM | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| PERT | MJ, net calorific value | 2.93E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.08E+0 | 3.90E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -1.09E+1 |
| PENRE | MJ, net calorific value | 2.49E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.82E+1 | 5.17E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -5.10E+1 |
| PENRM | MJ, net calorific value | 1.50E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -9.92E+2 |
| PENRT | MJ, net calorific value | 1.74E+3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.82E+1 | 5.17E+1 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -1.04E+3 |
| SM | kg | 3.37E+2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| RSF | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| NRSF | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| FW | m3 | 1.23E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.10E-2 | 1.93E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -1.56E-2 |
| Acronyms | PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy re-sources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Waste indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HWD | kg | 1.59E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.03E-9 | 2.07E-9 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -7.08E-3 |
| NHWD | kg | 4.83E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 9.40E-3 | 7.22E-3 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -9.00E-2 |
| RWD | kg | 1.37E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.78E-5 | 9.76E-5 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -4.93E-5 |
| Acronyms | HWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Output flow indicators according to EN 15804
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRU | kg | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| MFR | kg | 6.81E-2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 1.00E+3 | 0.00E+0 | -3.33E-2 |
| MER | kg | 1.23E-1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | -1.92E-2 |
| EEE | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| EET | MJ, net calorific value | 0.00E+0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 | 0.00E+0 |
| Acronyms | CRU = Components for re-use; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EEE = Exported electrical energy; EET = Exported thermal energy. | |||||||||||||||
| General disclaimer | The results of the end-of-life stage (modules C1-C4) should be considered when using the results of the product stage (modules A1-A3/A1-A5 for services). | |||||||||||||||
Additional environmental information
System boundary, variation -products: <10 %
Information related to EPDs of multiple products
| Description of how the averages have been determined | Weighted averages based on production statistics and job mix formula |
|---|
Abbreviations
EPD – Environmental Product Declaration
LCA – Life Cycle Assessment
GWP – Global Warming Potential
GWP-GHG – Global Warming Potential – Greenhouse Gases
A1–A3 – Product stage
C1–C4 – End-of-life stage
D – Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary
EoL – End of Life
RA – Reclaimed Asphalt
EF – Environmental Footprint
LFO – Light Fuel Oil
References
- Annex to General Background Report, Asphalt mixtures, Plant specific information for Kiruna, 2024.
- EAPA (2017). Asphalt in Figures 2017. European Asphalt Pavement Association.
- Ekblad, J. and Lundström, R. (2013). NCC Green Asphalt: energibehov och utsläpp av CO2. NCC Rapport 2013-01. NCC Roads, Upplands Väsby.
- EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021: Sustainability of construction works - Environmental Product Declarations - Core rules for the product category of construction products
- EPD International (2019) General Programme Instructions for the International EPD® System, version 5.0.1, dated 2025-02-27. www.environdec.com
- EPD process – general description (2025) NCC Industry, Division Asphalt.
- Eurobitume (2024). "Life Cycle Inventory for Bitumen – LCA 4.0".
- General background report – Environmental Product Declarations for asphalt mixtures. Version 2025-08-22.
- NCC (2025). Environmental Product Declaration for 3-stage crushed aggregates from Uddevalla quarry - Glimmingen, published at EPD International. Version 2025-05-22.
- Product Category Rules PCR 2019:14 Construction products, version 2.0.1 of 2025-06-05
- Rubio M C, Martínez G, Baena L & Moreno F. Warm mix asphalt: an overview. Journal of Cleaner Production, 24 (2012) 76-84.
- SS-EN 13108-1:2016 Bituminous mixtures – Material specifications – Part 1: Asphalt Concrete
- SS-EN 13108-3:2016 Bituminous mixtures – Material specifications – Part 3: Soft Asphalt
- SS-EN 13108-5:2016 Bituminous mixtures – Material specifications – Part 5: Stone Mastic Asphalt
- SS-EN 13108-7:2016 Bituminous mixtures – Material specifications – Part 7: Porous Asphalt
- SS-EN ISO 14025:2010 Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations – Principles and procedures (ISO 14025:2006)
- SS-EN ISO 14040:2006 Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Principles and framework (ISO 14040:2006). Including Amd 1:2020.
- SS-EN ISO 14044:2006 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines. Including Amd 1:2018 and Amd 2:2020.
- The German BITUMEN Forum (2016). Progress report 2006.
- The International EPD® System, EPD International AB, Stockholm, Sweden, http://www.environdec.com/
- Trafikverket (2024). Klimatkalkyl version 8.0 – emissionsfaktorer. https://klimatkalkyl.trafikverket.se/Modell.
- United Nations Statistics Division (2015). Central Product Classification, version 2.1. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/unsdclassifications/cpcv21.pdf.
- LCA for Experts Software System and Database for Life Cycle Engineering 1992-2024, Sphera Solutions GmbH, version 10.9.0.19
Version history
Version 001, 2025-05-16
- Original version of the EPD
Version 002, 2025-06-17
- The EPD title has been updated to include the asphalt name.
Version 003, 2026-01-20
- Significant changes to the results when using updated production data from 2024 compared to 2023. All calculations have been revised accordingly, and the resulting changes are reflected in the EPDs.
- The following asphalt mixture EPDs have been changed from single-product declarations to a multiple-products structure